πνευματικός, πνευματικῇ, πνευματικόν (πνεῦμα), spiritual (Vulg.spiritalis); in the N. T.

1. relating to the human spirit, or rational soul, as the part of man which is akin to God and serves as his instrument or organ, opposed to ἡ ψυχή (see πνεῦμα, 2): hence, τό πνευματικόν, that which possesses the nature of the rational soul, opposed to τό ψυχικόν, 1Co 15:46 (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 592 (551)); σῶμα πνευματικόν, the body which is animated and controlled only by the rational soul and by means of which the rational life, of life of the πενυμα, is lived; opposed to σῶμα ψυχικόν, verse 44.

2. belonging to a spirit, or a being higher than man but inferior to God (see πνεῦμα, 3 c.): τά πνευματικά (i. e. spiritual beings or powers (R. V. spiritual hosts), cf. Winer’s Grammar, 239 (224)) τῆς πονηρίας (genitive of quality), i. e. wicked spirits, Eph 6:12.

3. belonging to the Divine Spirit;

a. in reference to things; emanating from the Divine Spirit, or exhibiting its effects and so its character: χάρισμα, Rom 1:11; εὐλογία, Eph 1:3; σοφία καί σύνεσις πνευματικῇ (opposed to σοφία σαρκικῇ, 2Co 1:12; ψυχική, Jas 3:15), Col 1:9; ᾠδαί, divinely inspired, and so redolent of the Holy Spirit, Col 3:16; (Eph 5:19 Lachmann brackets); ὁ νόμος (opposed to a σάρκινος man), Rom 7:14; θυσίαι, tropically, the acts of a life dedicated to God and approved by him, due to the influence of the Holy Spirit (tacitly opposed to the sacrifices of an external worship), 1Pe 2:5; equivalent to produced by the sole power of God himself without natural instrumeutality, supernatural, βρῶμα, πόμα, πέτρα, 1Co 10:3-4 ((cf. ’Teaching’ etc. 10, 3 [ET])); πνευματικά, thoughts, opinions, precepts, maxims, ascribable to the Holy Spirit working in the soul, 1Co 2:13 (on which see συγκρίνω, 1); τά πνευματικά, spirithal gifts — of the endowments called χαρίσματα (see χάρισμα), 1Co 12:1; 1Co 14:1; universally, the spiritual or heavenly blessings of the gospel, opposed to τά σαρκικά, Rom 15:27; (1Co 9:11).

b. in reference to persons; one who is filled with and governed by the Spirit of God: 1Co 2:15 (cf. ); (); ; Gal 6:1; οἶκος πνευματικός, of a body of Christians (see οἶκος, 1 b. at the end), 1Pe 2:5. (The word is not found in the O. T. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 34, 3). In secular writings from Aristotle, down it means pertaining to the wind or breath; windy, exposed to the wind; blowing; (but Sophocles’ Lexicon, under the words, πνεῦμα οὐσία, Cleo. med. 1, 8, p. 46; τό πνεῦμα τό πάντων τούτων αἴτιον, Strabo 1, 3, 5, p. 78, 10 edition Kramer; and we find it opposed to σωματικον in Plutarch, mor., p. 129 c. (de sanitate praecepta 14); cf. Anthol. Pal. 8, 76. 175).)