πάλιν, adverb, from Homer down;

1. anew, again (but the primary meaning seems to be back; cf. (among others) Ellendt, Lex. Sophocles, under the word, ii, p. 485);

a. joined to verbs of all sorts, it denotes renewal or repetition of the action: Mat 4:8; Mat 20:5; Mat 21:36; Mat 22:1; Mat 22:4; Mar 2:13; Mar 3:20; Luk 23:20; Joh 1:35; Joh 4:13; Joh 8:2; Joh 8:8; Joh 8:12; Joh 8:21; Joh 9:15; Joh 9:17; Joh 10:19; Act 17:32; Act 27:28; Rom 11:23; 1Co 7:5; 2Co 11:16; Gal 1:9; Gal 2:18; Gal 4:19; 2Pe 2:20; Php 2:28; Php 4:4; Heb 1:6 (where πάλιν is tacitly opposed to the time when God first brought his Son into the world, i. e. to the time of Jesus’ former life on earth); Heb 5:12; Heb 6:1; Heb 6:6; Jas 5:18; Rev 10:8; Rev 10:11; πάλιν μικρόν namely, ἔσται, John 16:16f, 19; εἰς τό πάλιν, again (cf. German zum wiederholten Male; (see εἰς, A. II. 2 at the end)), 2Co 13:2; with verbs of going, coming, departing, returning, where again combines with the notion of back; thus with ἄγωμεν, Joh 11:7; ἀναχωρεῖν, Joh 6:15 (where Tdf. φεύγει and Griesbach omits πάλιν) (cf. Joh 6:3); ἀπέρχεσθαι, Joh 4:3; Joh 10:40; Joh 20:10; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Mar 2:1; Mar 3:1; Joh 18:33; Joh 19:9; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Mar 7:31; ἔρχεσθαι, Joh 4:46; Joh 14:3; 2Co 1:16; 2Co 12:21 (cf. Winers Grammar, 554 (515) n.; Buttmann, § 145, 2 a.); ὑπάγειν, Joh 11:8; ἀνακάμπτειν, Act 18:21; διαπεραν, Mar 5:21; ὑποστρέφειν, Gal 1:17; ἡ ἐμή παρουσία πάλιν πρός ὑμᾶς, my presence with you again, i. e. my return to you, Php 1:26 (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 2); also with verbs of taking, Joh 10:17; Act 10:16 Rec.; .

b. with other parts of the sentence: πάλιν εἰς φόβον, Rom 8:15; πάλιν ἐν λύπη, 2Co 2:1.

c. πάλιν is explained by the addition of more precise specifications of time (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 604 (562)): πάλιν ἐκ τρίτου, Mat 26:44 (L Tr marginal reading brackets ἐκ τρίτου); ἐκ δευτέρου, Mat 26:42; Act 10:15; πάλιν δεύτερον, Joh 4:54; Joh 21:16; πάλιν ἄνωθεν, again, anew (R. V. back again (yet cf. Meyer at the passage)), Gal 4:9 (Wis 19:6; πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, Aristophanes Plutarch, 866; Plato, Eut., p. 11 b. and 15 c.; Isoc. areiop. 6, p. 338 (p. 220, Lange edition); cf. Winer’s Grammar, as above).

2. again, i. e. further, moreover (where the subject remains the same and a repetition of the action or condition is indicated): Mat 5:33 (πάλιν ἠκούσατε); Mat 13:44 (where T Tr WH omit; L brackets πάλιν), ; ; Luk 13:20; Joh 10:7 (not Tdf.); especially where to O. T. passages already quoted others are added: Mat 4:7; Joh 12:39; Joh 19:37; Rom 15:10-12; 1Co 3:20; Heb 1:5; Heb 2:13; Heb 4:5; Heb 10:30; Clement of Rome, 1Co 15:1-58; 1Co 3:1-23 f [ET] and often in Philo; cf. Bleek, Br. a. d. Heb 2:1, p. 108. 3. in turn, on the other hand: Luk 6:43 T WH L brackets Tr brackets; 1Co 12:21; 2Co 10:7; 1Jn 2:8 (Wis 13:8 Wis 16:23; 2Ma 15:39; see examples from secular authors in Pape, under the word, 2; Passow, under the word, 3; (Ellendt as above (at the beginning); Liddell and Scott, under the word, III.; but many (e. g. Fritzsche and Meyer on Mat 3:7) refuse to recognize this sense in the N. T.)). John uses πάλιν in his Gospel far more frequent than the other N. T. writings, in his Epistles but once; Luke two or three times; the author of the Rev. twice.