Strong's Lexicon
G302 — ἄν
Greek entry for Bible study and original-language reference.
Definition / Gloss
| Strong's Number: | G302 |
|---|---|
| Word: | ἄν |
| Part of Speech: | particle |
| Etymology: | a primary particle |
| Language: | Greek |
| Occurrences: | 166 |
| Transliteration: | an |
| Phonetic Spelling/Pronunciation: | an |
| Meaning: | 1. denoting a supposition, wish, possibility or uncertainty {Usually unexpressed except by the subjunctive or potential mood. Also contracted G1437} |
| KJV Renderings: | (what-, where-, wither-, who-)soever. |
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Thayer's Greek Lexicon
ἄν (1), a particle indicating that something can or could occur on certain conditions, or by the combination of certain fortuitous causes. In Latin it has no equivalent; nor do the English haply, perchance, German wohl (wol),etwa, exactly and everywhere correspond to it. The use of this particle in the N. T., illustrated by copious examples from Greek writers, is shown by Winers Grammar, § 42; (cf. Buttmann, 216ff (186ff). Its use in classic Greek is fully exhibited (by Prof. Goodwin) in Liddell and Scott, under the word). It is joined:
I. in the apodoses of hypothetical sentences
1. with the imperfect, where the Latin uses the imperfect subjunctive, e. g. Luk 7:39 (ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν, sciret, he would know); Luk 17:6 (ἐλέγετε ἄν ye would say); Mat 23:30 (non essemus, we should not have been); Joh 5:46; Joh 8:42; Joh 9:41; Joh 15:19; Joh 18:36; 1Co 11:31; Gal 1:10; Gal 3:21 (but WH marginal reading brackets); Heb 4:8; Heb 8:4; Heb 8:7.
2. with the indicative aorist (where the Latin uses the pluperfect subjunctive like the future perfect subjunctive, I would have done it), to express what would have been, if this or that either were (εἰ with the imperfect in the protasis preceding), or had been (εἰ with the aorist or pluperfect preceding): Mat 11:21 and Luk 10:13 (ἄν μετενόησαν they would have repented; Mat 11:23; Mat 12:7 (ye would not have condemned); Mat 24:43 (he would have watched), 22 and Mar 13:20 (no one would have been saved, i. e. all even now would have to be regarded as those who had perished; cf. Winer’s Grammar, 304 (286)); Joh 4:10 (thou wouldst have asked); Joh 14:2 (εἶπον ἄν I would have said so); Joh 14:28 (ye would have rejoiced); Rom 9:29 (we should have become); 1Co 2:8; Gal 4:15 (R G); Act 18:14. Sometimes the condition is not expressly stated, but is easily gathered from what is said: Luk 19:23 and Mat 25:27 (I should have received it back with interest, namely, if thou hadst given it to the bankers).
3. with the pluperfect: Joh 11:21 (R Tr marginal reading) (οὐκ ἄν ἐτεθνήκει (L T Tr text WH ἀπέθανεν) would not have died, for which, in Joh 11:32, the aorist οὐκ ἄν ἀπέθανε); Joh 14:7 (not Tdf.) (εἰ with the pluperfect preceding); 1Jn 2:19 (they would have remained with us). Sometimes (as in Greek writings, especially the later) ἄν is omitted, in order to intimate that the thing wanted but little (imperfect) or had wanted but little (pluperfect or aorist) of being done, which yet was not done because the condition was not fulfilled (cf. Alex. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in the Studien und Kritiken for 1858, p. 489ff; (N. T. Gram., p. 225 (194)); Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 33; Winer’s Grammar, § 42, 2, p. 305 (286)), e. g. Joh 8:39 (where the ἄν is spurious); Joh 15:22; Joh 15:24; Joh 19:11; Act 26:32; Rom 7:7; Gal 4:15 (ἄν before ἐδώκατέ has been correctly expunged by L T Tr WH).
II. Joined to relative pronouns, relative adverbs, and adverbs of time and quality, it has the same force as the Latincumque orcunque, -ever, -soever (German irgend,etwa).
1. followed by a past tense of the indicative, when some matter of fact, something certain, is spoken of; where, "when the thing itself which is said to have been done is certain, the notion of uncertainty involved in ἄν belongs rather to the relative, whether pronoun or particle" (Klotz ad Der., p. 145) (cf. Winer’s Grammar, § 42, 3 a.); ὅσοι ἄν as many as: Mar 6:56 (ὅσοι ἄν ἥπτοντο (ἥψαντο L text T Tr text WH) αὐτοῦ as many as touched him (cf. Buttmann, 216 (187))); Mar 11:24 (ὅσα ἄν προσευχόμενοι αἰτεῖσθε (Griesbach omits ἄν), but L text T Tr WH have rightly restored ὅσα προσεύχεσθε καί αἰτεῖσθε). καθότι ἄν in so far or so often as, according as (German jenachdemgerade): Act 2:45; Act 4:35. ὡς ἄν: 1Co 12:2 (in whatever manner ye were led (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 13; 383 (329f))).
2. followed by a subjunctive,
a. the present, concerning that which may have been done, or is usually or constantly done (where the German usesmögen); ἡνίκα ἄν whensoever, as often as": 2Co 3:15 L T Tr WH; ὅς ἄν whoever, be he who he may: Mat 16:25 (L T Tr WH ἐάν); (Mar 8:35 (where T Tr WH future indicative; see WH’s Appendix, p. 172)); Luk 10:5 (L T Tr WH aorist); Luk 10:8; Gal 5:17 (T Tr WH ἐάν, L brackets ἐάν); 1Jn 2:5; 1Jn 3:17; Rom 9:15 (Exo 33:19); Rom 16:2; 1Co 11:27 etc. ὅστις ἄν: 1Co 16:2 (Tr WH ἐάν; WH marginal reading aorist); Col 3:17 (L text Tr WH ἐάν). ὅσοι ἄν: Mat 7:12 (T WH ἐάν); (L T Tr WH ἐάν). ὅπου ἄν whithersoever: Luk 9:57 (L Tr ἐάν); Rev 14:4 (L Tr (T edition 7 not 8, WH) have adopted ὑπάγει, defended also by Buttmann, 228 (196)); Jas 3:4 (R G L Tr marginal reading in brackets). ὁσάκις ἄν how often soever: 1Co 11:25 f (where L T Tr WH ἐάν). ὡς ἄν in what way soever: 1Th 2:7 ((cf. Ellicott at the passage; Buttmann, 232 (201))), L T Tr WH ἐάν).
b. the aorist, where the Latin uses the future perfect; ὅς ἄν: Mat 5:21-22 (εἴπῃ whoever, if ever anyone shall have said); Mat 5:31 f (in Mat 5:32 L T Tr WH read πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων); Mat 10:11; Mat 26:48 (Tdf. ἐάν); Mar 3:29; Mar 3:35; Mar 9:41, etc. ὅστις ἄν: Mat 10:33 (L Tr WH text omit ἄν); ; Joh 14:13 (Tr marginal reading WH present); Act 3:23 (Tdf. ἐάν), etc. ὅσοι ἄν: Mat 21:22 (Treg. ἐάν); Mat 23:3 (T WH ἐάν); Mar 3:28 (Tr WH ἐάν); Luk 9:5 (L T Tr WH present); Joh 11:22; Act 2:39 (Lachmann οὕς); . ὅπου ἄν: Mar 14:9 (T WH ἐάν); (L T Tr WH ἐάν). ἄχρις οὗ ἄν until (donec): 1Co 15:25 Rec.; Rev 2:25. ἕως ἄν until (usquedum): Mat 2:13; Mat 10:11; Mat 22:44; Mar 6:10; Luk 21:32; 1Co 4:5, etc. ἡνίκα ἄν, of future time, not until then, when ... or then at length, when ...: 2Co 3:16 (T WH text ἐάν) (cf. Kühner, 2:951; Jelf, 2:565). ὡς ἄν as soon as (Buttmann, 232 (200)): 1Co 11:34; Php 2:23. ἀφ’ οὗ ἄν ἐγερθῇ, Luk 13:25 (from the time, whatever the time is, when he shall have risen up). But ἐάν (which see) is also joined to the pronouns and adverbs mentioned, instead of ἄν; and in many places the manuscripts and editions fluctuate between ἄν and ἐάν (examples of which have already been adduced); (cf. Tdf. Proleg., p. 96; WH’s Appendix, p. 173 "predominantly ἄν is found after consonants, and ἐάν after vowels"). Finally, to this head must be referred ὅταν (equivalent to ὅτε ἄν) with the indicative and much more often with the subjunctive (see ὅταν), and ὅπως ἄν, although this last came to be used as a final conjunction in the sense, that, if it be possible: Luk 2:35); Act 3:20 (); ; Rom 3:4; see ὅπως, IL 1 b. (Cf. Winers Grammar, 309 (290f); Buttmann, 234 (201).)
III. ἄν is joined to the optative (Winers Grammar, 303 (284); Buttmann, 217 (188)); when a certain condition is laid down, as in wishes, I would that etc.: Act 26:29 (εὐξαίμην (Tdf. εὐξάμην) ἄν, I could pray, namely, did it depend on me); in direct questions (Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Buttmann, 254 (219)): Act 8:31 (πῶς ἄν δυναίμην; i. e. on what condition, by what possibility, could I? cf. Xenophon, oec. 11, 5); Act 17:18 (τί ἄν θέλοι ... λέγειν what would he say? it being assumed that he wishes to utter some definite notion or other); Act 2:12 R G; independent sentences and indirect questions in which the narrator introduces another’s thought (Winers Grammar, § 42, 4; Buttmann, the passage cited]: Luk 1:62; Luk 6:11; Luk 9:46; (Luk 15:26 L brackets Tr WH; cf. Luk 18:36 Lbr. Trbr. WH marginal reading); Act 5:24; Act 10:17; Act 17:20 R G.
IV. ἄν is found without a mood in 1Co 7:5 (εἰ μή τί ἄν (WH brackets ἄν), except perhaps, namely, γένοιτο (but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) as below)). ὡς ἄν, adverbially,tanquam (so already the Vulg.), as if: 2Co 10:9 (like ὥσπερ ἄν in Greek writings; cf. Kühner, 2:210 (sec. 398 Anm. 4; Jelf, § 430); Buttmann, 219 (189); (Liddell and Scott, under the word, D. III.)).
STRONGS NT 302: ἄν (2)ἄν (2), contracted from ἐάν, if; followed by the subjunctive: Joh 20:23 (Lachmann ἐάν. Also by the (present) indicative in 1Jn 5:15 Lachmann; see Buttmann, 223 (192); Winers Grammar, 295 (277)). Further, L T Tr WH have received ἄν in Joh 13:20; Joh 16:23; (so WH Joh 12:32; cf. Winers Grammar, 291 (274); Buttmann, 72 (63)).
Englishman's Greek Concordance
ἄν ((what-)
Matthew 2:13
- KJV: And when they were departed behold the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream saying Arise and take the young child and his mother and flee into Egypt and be thou there until I bring thee word for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him
- GK: αναχωρησάντων δε αυτών ιδού άγγελος κυρίου φαίνεται κατ΄ όναρ τω Ιωσήφ λέγων εγερθείς παράλαβε το παιδίον και την μητέρα αυτού και φεύγε εις Αίγυπτον και ίσθι εκεί έως αν είπω σοι μέλλει γαρ Ηρώδης ζητείν το παιδίον του απολέσαι αυτό
Matthew 5:18
- KJV: For verily I say unto you Till heaven and earth pass one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law till all be fulfilled
- GK: αμήν γαρ λέγω υμίν έως αν παρέλθη ο ουρανός και η γη ιώτα εν η μία κεραία ου παρέλθη από του νόμου έως αν πάντα γένηται
Matthew 5:19
- KJV: Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments and shall teach men so shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven but whosoever shall do and teach the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven
- GK: ος εάν ουν λύση μίαν των εντολών τούτων των ελαχίστων και διδάξη ούτως τους ανθρώπους ελάχιστος κληθήσεται εν τη βασιλεία των ουρανών ος δ΄ αν ποιήση και διδάξη ούτος μέγας κληθήσεται εν τη βασιλεία των ουρανών
Matthew 5:21
- KJV: Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time Thou shalt not kill and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment
- GK: ηκούσατε ότι ερρέθη τοις αρχαίοις ου φονεύσεις ος δ΄ αν φονεύση ένοχος έσται τη κρίσει
Matthew 5:22
- KJV: But I say unto you That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment and whosoever shall say to his brother Raca shall be in danger of the council but whosoever shall say Thou fool shall be in danger of hell fire
- GK: εγώ δε λέγω υμίν ότι πας ο οργιζόμενος τω αδελφώ αυτού εική ένοχος έσται τη κρίσει ος δ΄ αν είπη τω αδελφώ αυτού ρακά ένοχος έσται τω συνεδρίω ος δ΄ αν είπη μωρέ ένοχος έσται εις την γέενναν του πυρός
Matthew 5:26
- KJV: Verily I say unto thee by no means come out thence till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing
- GK: αμήν λέγω σοι ου εξέλθης εκείθεν έως αν αποδώς τον έσχατον κοδράντην
Matthew 5:31
- KJV: It hath been said Whosoever shall put away his wife let him give her a writing of divorcement
- GK: ερρέθη δε ότι ος αν απολύση την γυναίκα αυτού δότω αυτή αποστάσιον
Matthew 5:32
- KJV: But I say unto you That whosoever shall put away his wife saving for the cause of fornication causeth her to commit adultery and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery
- GK: εγώ δε λέγω υμίν ότι ος αν απολύση την γυναίκα αυτού παρεκτός λόγου πορνείας ποιεί αυτήν μοιχάσθαι και ος εάν απολελυμένην γαμήση μοιχάται
Matthew 6:5
- KJV: And when thou prayest thou shalt not be as the hypocrites for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets that they may be seen of men Verily I say unto you They have their reward
- GK: και όταν προσεύχη ουκ έση ώσπερ οι υποκριταί ότι φιλούσιν εν ταις συναγωγαίς και εν ταις γωνίαις των πλατειών εστώτες προσεύχεσθαι όπως αν φανώσι τοις ανθρώποις αμήν λέγω υμίν ότι απέχουσι τον μισθόν αυτών
Matthew 7:12
- KJV: Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them for this is the law and the prophets
- GK: πάντα ουν όσα αν θέλητε ίνα ποιώσιν υμίν οι άνθρωποι ούτω και υμείς ποιείτε αυτοίς ούτος γαρ εστιν ο νόμος και οι προφήται
Matthew 10:11
- KJV: And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter enquire who in it is worthy and there abide till ye go thence
- GK: εις ην δ΄ αν πόλιν η κώμην εισέλθητε εξετάσατε τις εν αυτή άξιός εστι κακεί μείνατε έως αν εξέλθητε
Matthew 10:23
- KJV: But when they persecute you in this city flee ye into another for verily I say unto you Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel till the Son of man be come
- GK: όταν δε διώκωσιν υμάς εν τη πόλει ταύτη φεύγετε εις την άλλην αμήν γαρ λέγω υμίν ου τελέσητε τας πόλεις του Ισραήλ έως αν έλθη ο υιός του ανθρώπου
Matthew 10:33
- KJV: But whosoever shall deny me before men him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven
- GK: όστις δ΄ αν αρνήσηταί με έμπροσθεν των ανθρώπων αρνήσομαι αυτόν καγώ έμπροσθεν του πατρός μου του εν ουρανοίς
Matthew 11:21
- KJV: Woe unto thee Chorazin woe unto thee Bethsaida for if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes
- GK: ουαί σοι Χοραζίν ουαί σοι Βηθσαϊδά ότι ει εν Τύρω και Σιδώνι εγένοντο αι δυνάμεις αι γενόμεναι εν υμίν πάλαι αν εν σάκκω και σποδώ μετενόησαν
Matthew 11:23
- KJV: And thou Capernaum which art exalted unto heaven shalt be brought down to hell for if the mighty works which have been done in thee had been done in Sodom it would have remained until this day
- GK: και συ Καπερναούμ η έως του ουρανού υψωθείσα έως άδου καταβιβασθήση ότι ει εν Σοδόμοις εγένοντο αι δυνάμεις αι γενόμεναι εν σοι έμειναν αν μέχρι της σήμερον
Matthew 12:7
- KJV: But if ye had known what meaneth I will have mercy and not sacrifice ye would not have condemned the guiltless
- GK: ει δε εγνώκειτε τι εστιν έλεον θέλω και ου θυσίαν ουκ αν κατεδικάσατε τους αναιτίους
Matthew 12:20
- KJV: A bruised reed shall he not break and smoking flax shall he not quench till he send forth judgment unto victory
- GK: κάλαμον συντετριμμένον ου κατεάξει και λίνον τυφόμενον ου σβέσει έως αν εκβάλη εις νίκος την κρίσιν
Matthew 12:32
- KJV: And who soever speaketh a word against the Son of man it shall be forgiven him but who soever speaketh against the Holy Ghost it shall not be forgiven him neither in this world neither in the to come
- GK: και ος εάν είπη λόγον κατά του υιού του ανθρώπου αφεθήσεται αυτώ ος δ΄ αν είπη κατά του πνεύματος του αγίου ουκ αφεθήσεται αυτώ ούτε εν τω νυν αιώνι ούτε εν τω μέλλοντι
Matthew 12:50
- KJV: For who soever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven the same is my brother and sister and mother
- GK: όστις γαρ αν ποιήση το θέλημα του πατρός μου του εν ουρανοίς αυτός μου αδελφός και αδελφή και μήτηρ εστίν
Matthew 15:5
- KJV: But ye say Whosoever shall say to father or mother a gift by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me
- GK: υμείς δε λέγετε ος αν είπη τω πατρί η τη μητρί δώρον ο εάν εξ εμού ωφεληθής
Matthew 16:25
- KJV: For whosoever will save his life shall lose it and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it
- GK: ος γαρ αν θέλη την ψυχήν αυτού σώσαι απολέσει αυτήν ος δ΄ αν απολέση την ψυχήν αυτού ένεκεν εμού ευρήσει αυτήν
Matthew 16:28
- KJV: Verily I say unto you There be some standing here which shall not taste of death till they see the Son of man coming in his kingdom
- GK: αμήν λέγω υμίν εισί τινες των ώδε εστηκότων οίτινες ου γευσόνται θανάτου έως αν ίδωσιν τον υιόν του ανθρώπου ερχόμενον εν τη βασιλεία
Matthew 18:6
- KJV: But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck and he were drowned in the depth of the sea
- GK: ος δ΄ αν σκανδαλίση ένα των μικρών τούτων των πιστευόντων εις εμέ συμφέρει αυτώ ίνα κρεμασθή μύλος ονικός επί τον τράχηλον αυτού και καταποντισθή εν τω πελάγει της θαλάσσης
Matthew 19:9
- KJV: And I say unto you Whosoever shall put away his wife except for fornication and shall marry another committeth adultery and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery
- GK: λέγω δε υμίν ότι ος αν απολύση την γυναίκα αυτού μη επί πορνεία και γαμήση άλλην μοιχάται και ο απολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχάται
Matthew 21:22
- KJV: And all things whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer believing ye shall receive
- GK: και πάντα όσα αν αιτήσητε εν τη προσευχή πιστεύοντες λήψεσθε
Matthew 21:44
- KJV: And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken but on whomsoever it shall fall it will grind him to powder
- GK: και ο πεσών επί τον λίθον τούτον συνθλασθήσεται εφ΄ ον δ΄ αν πέση λικμήσει αυτόν
Matthew 22:9
- KJV: Go ye therefore into the highways and as many as ye shall find bid to the marriage
- GK: πορεύεσθε ουν επί τας διεξόδους των οδών και όσους εάν εύρητε καλέσατε εις τους γάμους
Matthew 22:44
- KJV: LORD said unto my Lord Sit thou on my right hand till I make thine enemies thy footstool
- GK: είπεν ο κύριος τω κυρίω μου κάθου εκ δεξιών μου έως αν θω τους εχθρούς σου υποπόδιον των ποδών σου
Matthew 23:3
- KJV: All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe observe and do but do not ye after their works for they say and do not
- GK: πάντα ουν όσα αν είπωσιν υμίν τηρείν τηρείτε και ποιείτε κατά δε τα έργα αυτών μη ποιείτε λέγουσιν γαρ και ου ποιούσι
Matthew 23:16