κύριος, κυρίου, ὁ (properly, an adjective κύριος, κυρία, κύριον, also of two term.; properly equivalent to ὁ ἔχων κῦρος, having power or authority) (from Pindar down), he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has the power of deciding; master, lord; used a. universally, of the possessor and disposer of a thing, the owner (the Sept. for àÈãåï, áÇÌòÇì): with the genitive of the thing, as τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος, Mat 20:8; Mat 21:40; Mar 12:9; Luk 20:15; τοῦ θερισμοῦ, Mat 9:38; Luk 10:2; τῆς οἰκίας, the master, Mar 13:35 (Jdg 19:12); τοῦ πωλου, Luk 19:33; τοῦ σαββάτου, possessed of the power to determine what is suitable to the sabbath, and of releasing himself and others from its obligations, Mat 12:8; Mar 2:28; Luk 6:5. with the genitive of a person, one who has control of the person, the master (A. V. lord); in the household: δούλου, παιδίσκης, οἰκονόμου, Mat 10:24; Luk 12:46; Luk 14:21; Luk 16:3; Luk 16:5; Act 16:16; Act 16:19, etc.; absolutely, opposed to οἱ δοῦλοι, Eph 6:5; Eph 6:9; Col 4:1, etc.; in the state, the sovereign, prince, chief: the Roman emperor ((on this use of κύριος see at length Woolsey in Bib. Sacr. for July 1861, pp. 595-608)), Act 25:26; once angels are called κύριοι, as those to whom, in the administration of the universe, departments are intrusted by God (see ἄγγελος, 2): 1Co 8:5.

b. κύριος is a title of honor, expressive of respect and reverence, with which servants salute their master, Mat 13:27; Mat 25:20; Mat 25:22; Luk 13:8; Luk 14:22, etc.; the disciples salute Jesus their teacher and master, Mat 8:25; Mat 16:22; Luk 9:54; Luk 10:17; Luk 10:40; Luk 11:1; Luk 22:33; Luk 22:38; Joh 11:12; Joh 13:6; Joh 13:9; Joh 13:13; Joh 21:15-17; Joh 21:20 f, etc., cf. 20:18; Luk 24:34; his followers salute Jesus as the Messiah, whose authority they acknowledge (by its repetition showing their earnestness (cf. Winer’s Grammar, § 65, 5 a.)), κύριε, κύριε, Mat 7:21; and R G in Luk 13:25; employed, too, by a son in addressing his father, Mat 21:30; by citizens toward magistrates, Mat 27:63; by anyone who wishes to honor a man of distinction, Mat 8:2; Mat 8:6; Mat 8:8; Mat 15:27; Mar 7:28; Luk 5:12; Luk 13:25; Joh 4:11; Joh 4:15; Joh 4:19; Joh 5:7; Joh 12:21; Joh 20:15; Act 9:5; Act 16:30; Act 22:8.

c. this title is given α. to God, the ruler of the universe (so the Sept. for ΰΒγΙπΘι, àÁìåäÇÌ, àÁìÉäÄéí, éÀäåÈä, and éÈäÌ; (the term κύριος is used of the gods from Pindar and Sophocles down, but "the address κύριε, used in prayer to God, though frequent in Epictetus does not occur (so far as I am aware) in any heathen writing before the apostolic times; sometimes we find κύριε ὁ Θεός, and once (2, 7, 12) he writes κύριε ἐλέησόν (Lightfoot on Philippians, p. 314 note{3}))) — both with the article, ὁ κύριος: Mat 1:22 (R G); ; Mar 5:19; Luk 1:6; Luk 1:9; Luk 1:28; Luk 1:46; Act 7:33; Act 8:24; Act 11:21; 2Ti 1:16; 2Ti 1:18 (but see ἔλεος, 3); Heb 8:2; Jas 4:15; Jas 5:15; Jud 1:5 (R G), etc.; and without the article (cf. Winers Grammar, 124 (118); Buttmann, 88f (77f)): Mat 21:9; Mat 27:10; Mar 13:20; Luk 1:17; Luk 1:38; Luk 1:58; Luk 1:66; Luk 2:9; Luk 2:23; Luk 2:26; Luk 2:39; Act 7:49; Heb 7:21; Heb 12:6; 1Pe 1:25; 2Pe 2:9; Jude (5 T Tr text WH text), 9; κύριος τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί τῆς γῆς, Mat 11:25; Luk 10:21; Act 17:24; κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων, 1Ti 6:15; κύριος ὁ Θεός, see Θεός, 3, p. 288a (and below); κύριος ὁ Θεός ὁ παντοκράτωρ, Rev 4:8; κύριος σαβαώθ, Rom 9:29; ἄγγελος and ὁ ἄγγελος κυρίου, Mat 1:20; Mat 2:13; Mat 2:19; Mat 28:2; Luk 1:11; Luk 2:9; Act 5:19; Act 8:26; Act 12:7; πνευαμα κυρίου, Luk 4:18; Act 8:39; with prepositions: ὑπό (R G add the article) κυρίου, Mat 1:22; Mat 2:15; παρά κυρίου, Mat 21:42 and Mar 12:11, from Psalm 117:23 (); παρά κυρίῳ, 2Pe 3:8. β. to the Messiah; and that αα. to the Messiah regarded universally: Luk 1:43; Luk 2:11; Mat 21:3; Mat 22:45; Mar 11:3; Mar 12:36; Luk 19:34; Luk 20:44. ββ. to Jesus as the Messiah, since by his death he acquired a special ownership in mankind, and after his resurrection was exalted to a partnership in the divine administration (this force of the word when applied to Jesus appears especially in Act 10:36; Rom 14:8; 1Co 7:22; 1Co 8:6; Php 2:9-11): Eph 4:5; with the article ὁ κύριος, Mar 16:19; Act 9:1; Rom 14:8; 1Co 4:5; 1Co 6:13; 1Co 7:10; 1Co 7:12; 1Co 7:34; 1Co 9:5; 1Co 9:14; 1Co 10:22; 1Co 11:26; ( G L T Tr WH); Php 4:5; (2Ti 4:22 T Tr WH); Heb 2:3 (cf. Heb 2:7 ff); Jas 5:7, etc. after his resurrection Jesus is addressed by the title ὁ κύριος μου καί ὁ Θεός μου, Joh 20:28. ἀπό τοῦ κυρίου, 1Co 11:23; 2Co 5:6; πρός τόν κύριον 2Co 5:8; ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς, Act 1:21; Act 4:33; Act 16:31; Act 20:35; 1Co 11:23; (1Co 16:23 T Tr WH); 2Co 1:14; (2Ti 4:22 Lachmann); Rev 22:20; ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, 1Co 16:22 (R; 23 R G L); 2Co 13:13 (14) (WH brackets Χριστός); Eph 1:2; 2Ti 4:22 (R G), etc.; κύριος ἡμῶν, 1Ti 1:14; 2Ti 1:8; Heb 7:14; 2Pe 3:15; Rev 11:15, etc.; with Ἰησοῦς added (L T Tr WH in 1Th 3:11; 1Th 3:13); Heb 13:20; Rev 22:21 (L T Tr (yet without ἡμῶν)); so with Χριστός, Rom 16:18 (G L T Tr WH); and Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, 1Th 1:3 (cf. Buttmann, 155 (136)); 1Th 3:11 (R G), (Rec.); ; 2Th 2:1; 2Th 2:14; 2Th 2:16; 2Th 3:6 ((ἡμῶν)); 1Co 1:2; 2Co 1:3; Gal 6:18 (WH brackets ἡμῶν); Eph 1:3; Eph 6:24; Rom 16:24 (R G); 1Ti 6:3; 1Ti 6:14; Phm 1:25 (T WH omit ἡμῶν); Php 4:23 (G L T Tr WH omit ἡμῶν), etc.; Ἰησοῦς Χριστός ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν, Rom 1:4; and Χριστός Ἰησης ὁ κύριος (ἡμῶν), Col 2:6; Eph 3:11; 1Ti 1:2; 2Ti 1:2; ὁ κύριος καί ὁ σωτήρ, 2Pe 3:2 (cf. Buttmann, 155 (136)); with Ἰησοῦς Χριστός added, 2Pe 3:18; without the article, simply κύριος: 1Co 7:22; 1Co 7:25; 1Co 10:21; 1Co 16:10; 2Co 3:17; 2Co 12:1; 2Ti 2:24; Jas 5:11; 2Pe 3:10; κύριος κυρίων, i. e. Supreme Lord (cf. Winers Grammar, § 36, 2; (Buttmann, § 123, 12)): Rev 19:16 (cf. in α. above; of God, Deu 10:17); with prepositions: ἀπό κυρίου, Col 3:24; κατά κύριον, 2Co 11:17; πρός κύριον, 2Co 3:16; σύν κυρίῳ, 1Th 4:17; ὑπό κύριον, 2Th 2:13; on the phrase ἐν κυρίῳ, frequent in Paul, and except in his writings found only in Rev 14:13, see ἐν, I. 6 b., p. 211b. The appellation ὁ κύριος, applied to Christ, passed over in Luke and John even into historic narrative, where the words and works of Jesus prior to his resurrection are related: Luk 7:13; Luk 10:1; Luk 11:39; Luk 12:42; Luk 13:15; Luk 17:5; Luk 22:31 (R G L Tr brackets); Joh 4:1 (here T Tr marginal reading Ἰησοῦς); Joh 6:23; Joh 11:2. There is nothing strange in the appearance of the term in the narrative of occurrences after his resurrection: Luk 24:34; Joh 20:2; Joh 20:18; Joh 20:20; Joh 20:25; Joh 21:7; Joh 21:12.

d. There are some who hold that Paul (except in his quotations from the O. T. viz. Rom 4:8; Rom 9:28; Rom 11:34; 1Co 1:31; 1Co 2:16; 1Co 3:20; 1Co 10:26; 2Co 6:17; 2Co 10:17; 2Ti 2:19) uses the title κύριος everywhere not of God, but of Christ. But, to omit instances where the interpretation is doubtful, as 1Co 7:25; 2Co 8:21; 1Th 4:6; 2Th 3:16 (ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης, cf. ὁ Θεός τῆς εἰρήνης, 1Th 5:23; but most of the blessings of Christianity are derived alike from God and from Christ), it is better at least in the words ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ κύριος ἔδωκεν, 1Co 3:5, to understand God as referred to on account of what follows, especially on account of the words κατά τήν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τήν δοθεῖσαν μοι in 1Co 3:10. On the other hand, κρινόμενοι ὑπό τοῦ κυρίου in 1Co 11:32 must certainly, I think, be taken of Christ, on account of 1Co 10:22, cf. 1Co 10:21. Cf. Gabler, Kleinere theol. Schriften, Bd. i., p. 186ff; Winer, De sensu vocum κύριος et ὁ κύριος in actis et epistolis apostolorum. Erlang. 1828; Wesselus Scheffer, diss. theol. exhibens disquisitionem de vocis κύριος absolute positae in N. T. usu. Lugd. 1846 (a monograph I have not seen); (Stuart in the Bib. Repos. for Oct. 1831, pp. 733-776; cf. Weiss, Biblical Theol. d. N. T. § 76; Cremer, Biblical-theol. Lex. under the word; Abbot in the Journal of the Society for Biblical Literature and Exegesis for June and December, 1881, p. 126ff, June and December, 1883, p. 101f On the use of a capital initial, see WH. Introductory § 414). The word does not occur in the (Epistle to Titus (critical editions), the) First Epistle of John (nor in the Second or the Third; for in 2Jn 1:3 κυρίου is dropped by the critical editors. Synonym: see δεσπότης, at the end).