καθώς (i. e. καθ’ ὡς), a particle found occasionally in secular authors from Aristotle down for the Attic καθά and καθό, but emphatically censured by Phryn. and the Atticists; cf. Sturz, De dial. Maced. etc., p. 74ff; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 425f; (Winer’s Grammar, 26 (25));

1. according as, just as, even as: in the first member of a comparison, Luk 6:31; 1Jn 2:27; followed by οὕτως in the second member (cf. Winer’s Grammar, § 53, 5), Luk 11:30; Luk 17:26; Joh 3:14; 2Co 1:5; 2Co 10:7; Col 3:13; 1Jn 2:6; followed by καί also, Joh 15:9; Joh 17:18; Joh 20:21; 1Jn 2:18; 1Jn 4:17; 1Co 15:49; it is annexed to preceding words after the demonstrative οὕτως, Luk 24:24; with οὕτως unexpressed, Mat 21:6; Mat 28:6; Mar 16:7; Luk 1:2; Luk 1:55; Luk 1:70; Luk 11:1; Joh 1:23; Joh 5:23; Act 10:47 (here L T Tr WH ὡς); ; Rom 1:13; Rom 15:7; 1Co 8:2; 1Co 10:6; 2Co 1:14; 2Co 9:3; 2Co 11:12; Eph 4:17, and often; καθώς διδάσκω, agreeably to my method of teaching, 1Co 4:17; καθώς γέγραπται, Mat 26:24; Mar 9:13; Act 7:42; Act 15:15; Rom 1:17, and often in Paul; the apodosis lacking, and to be gathered from the context: καθώς παρεκάλεσα σε ... ἐν πίστει, namely, οὕτω καί νῦν παρακαλῶ, 1Ti 1:3, cf. Winers Grammar, 570 (530); (Buttmann, 386 (331)); ἤρξατο αἰτεῖσθαι (namely, οὕτω ποιεῖν αὐτοῖς), καθώς κτλ.. Mar 15:8 (Buttmann, § 151, 23 b.; cf. Winer’s Grammar, 584 (543f)); in comparison by contrary we find the negligent use: ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλληλου, οὐ καθώς Κάϊν κτλ., 1Jn 3:11 f, cf. DeWette at the passage and Winer’s Grammar, 623 (579); οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ... οὐ καθώς etc., not such as they ate etc., Joh 6:58. with the verb εἰμί, equivalent to Latinqualis, such as, 1Jn 3:2; in a parenthesis, 1Th 2:13 (as it is in truth).

2. according as i. e. in proportion as, in the degree that: Mar 4:33; Act 7:17 (cf. Meyer at the passage); ; 1Co 12:11; 1Co 12:18; 1Pe 4:10.

3. since, seeing that, agreeably to the fact that (cf. Winer’s Grammar, § 53, 8; 448 (417)): Joh 17:2; Rom 1:28 (yet here others regard καθώς as corresponsive rather than causal or explanatory); 1Co 1:6; 1Co 5:7; Eph 1:4; Php 1:7.

4. it is put for the simple ὡς, a. after verbs of speaking, in indirect discourse, Act 15:14; it serves to add an epexegesis, 3Jn 1:3 (to σου τῇ ἀλήθεια).

b. of time, when, after that (cf. Latinut): 2Ma 1:31; (Neh 5:6); here many bring in Act 7:17; but see 2 above.

STRONGS NT 2531a: καθώσπερκαθώσπερ (Tr καθώς περ), just as, exactly as: Heb 5:4 T Tr WH (also 2Co 3:18 WH marginal reading). (Himerius, Psellus, Tzetzes)