BDB4294
לֵבָב251
noun masculine
Ps 104:15
inner man, mind, will, heart; — absolute ׳
ל
Deut 28:28 + 31
t.; construct לִבַב
Deut 20:8 + 22 t.;
suffix לְבָבִי
Isa 21:4 + 24 t.;
לְבָֽבְךָ
Deut 4:29 + 35 t.;
לְבָבֶ֑ךָ
Deut 4:39 + 21 t.;
לְבָבֵךְ
1Sam 1:8 + 3 t.;
לְבָבוֺ
Deut 2:30 + 37 t.;
לְבָבָהּ
Zeph 2:15 + 3 t.;
לִבָבֵנוּ
Deut 1:28 + 3 t.;
לְבַבְכֶם
Deut 10:16 + 37
t.; לְבָבָם
Lev 26:41 + 22
t.; plural with suffix לִבְבֵהֶן
Nah 2:8 (Sta§ 353 a reads לְבַבְהֶן, but see Köii. 78); plural לְבָבוֺת
1Chr 28:9. —
The inner, middle, or central part:
I.
seldom of
things
בִּלְבַב יַמִּים
in the Midst of the seas
Jonah 2:3 (poetry);
עד לבב השׁמים
unto the midst of heaven
Deut 4:11 (so
⅏
but
ᵑ0
לב).
II.
usually of men:
1.
the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי
my flesh and my heart (soul) doth fail
Ps 73:26
antithesis with garments Joel 2:13 hands Ps 73:13; Lam 3:41
?; eyes Num 15:39 (
H
) 1Sam
16:7
ears
Ezek
3:10 mouth Deut 30:14 speech Ps 28:3; Ps 78:18
מְתֹפֲפֹת עַללִֿבְבֵהֶן
tabering upon their breasts
Nah 2:7 (inner
for
outer).
2. the inner man, indefinite the soul,
comprehending
mind, affections and will, or, in connection with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of
them.
בכללֿבב ובכלנֿפשׁ
with all the heart and with all the soul
Deut 4:29; Deut 6:5; Deut 10:12;
Deut 11:13;
Deut 13:4; Deut 26:16;
Deut 30:2; Deut 30:6; Deut 30:10;
Deut 23:14;
Deut 1:4;
Deut 8:48 (=
2Chr 6:38
לב ?) 2Kgs 23:25; 2Chr 15:12; 2Chr 34:31 ( = 2Kgs 23:3
לב ?) Jer 32:41 abbreviated בכללֿבב
1Sam 7:3; 1Sam 12:20;
1Sam 12:24;
1Kgs 14:8;
2Kgs 10:31
;
2Chr 15:5;
2Chr 22:9;
2Chr 31:21
;
Ps 86:12;
Ps 111:1;
Jer 29:13;
Joel 2:12
אשׁר בלבב
what is in the heart (mind) Deut 8:2; 1Sam 9:19; 1Sam 14:7; 2Sam 7:3 ( = 1Chr 17:2) 2Kgs 10:30; 2Chr 32:31 compare Job 10:13;
Ps 84:6 (?);
עם לבב
with the heart (mind), with ידע
Deut 8:5,
שִׂיחַ
Ps 77:7,
usually
with היה, of a thought or purpose, Deut 15:9; Josh 14:7; 1Kgs 8:17; 1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse) ( = 2Chr 6:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse)) 2Chr 10:2 ( =
2Chr 9:1) 1Chr 22:7;
1Chr 28:2;
2Chr 1:11;
2Chr 29:10
(compare
2Chr 24:4
לב); כלבב
according to the heart
1Sam 13:14;
1Sam 14:7; Ps 20:7. We may add Deut 5:26; Deut 11:16; Deut 11:18; Deut 17:17; 1Sam 2:35; 2Sam 19:15; 1Kgs 8:39
(twice in verse) ( = 2Chr 6:30 (twice in verse)) 2Chr 11:2; 2Chr 11:3 (לב an error)
2Chr 11:4 v
2Chr 11:9;
1Chr 12:17
;
1Chr 22:19
;
1Chr 28:9;
Ps 62:9; Ps 86:11;
Ps 139:23
;
Isa 7:2; Dan 11:27;
Dan 11:28.
3. specific reference to mind (characteristic of לבב):
a.
אַנְשֵׁי לֵבָב
men of mind
Job 34:10
;
Job 34:34
גם לי לבב
I also have a mind
Job 12:3
׳
הוֺלֵלוֺת בִּל
madness is in (their) mind
Eccl 9:3 (?);
,
וַתִּגְנֹב לְבָבִי
and thou didst steal my mind
Gen 31:26
(
E
, the לֵב of Gen 31:20 should be corrected to לבב compare
'steal me'
Gen 31:27).
b.
knowledge, with
ידע
Deut 8:5; Deut 23:14
;
1Kgs 2:44
הבין
Isa 6:10;
Isa 32:4
חֲכַם לֵבָב
wise of mind
Job 9:4
לְבַב חָכְמָה
mind of wisdom
Ps 90:12
.
c.
thinking, reflection, with חשׁב
Isa 10:7
;
Zech 7:10
; Zech 8:17
(שׂיּח
Ps 77:7
above); ׳
יצר מחשׁבות ל
conception of thoughts of mind
1Chr
29:18
׳
מַשְׂכִּיּוֺת ל
imaginations of (their) mind
Ps 73:7
׳
מוֺרָשֵׁי ל
possessions (thoughts) of (my) mind
Job
17:11
שׂם לבב
set the mind, consider
Hag 2:15
;
Hag 2:18
(twice in verse), with לְ
Deut
32:46
, על
Hag 1:5;
Hag 1:7.
d. of memory
שׂם בלבב
lay up in the mind
1Sam
21:13
;
Job
22:22
׳
השׁיב אל ל
lay to heart, call to mind
Deut 4:39
;
Deut 30:1
;
2Chr 6:37
( = 1Kgs
8:47
לב ?); ׳
עלה על ל
come upon the mind
Jer
51:50
;
Ezek 38:10 (compare לֵב
3.d.); ׳
סוּר מל
depart from the mind
Deut 4:9
׳
שׁמר בתוך ל
keep in the midst of (thy) mind
Prov
4:21
׳
על ל
upon the mind
Deut 6:6
.
4. specific reference to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
(characteristic of ׳
ל): ׳
הכין ל
set the mind, with אֶל
1Sam 7:3; 1Chr 29:18
,
לְ
2Chr 20:33
לדרשׁ
2Chr 19:3
;
2Chr 30:19
;
Ezra 7:10
אֶל
׳
הטה ל
Josh 24:23
(
E
) 1Kgs
8:58
לדרשׁ
׳
נתן ל
1Chr 22:19
,
compare
2Chr
11:16
פנה מעם
׳
ל
mind turn away from
Deut 29:17
;
Deut 30:17
׳
פ
׳
יֵהָפֵךְ ל
Pharaoh's mind was changed
Exod 14:5 (
E
).
5. specific reference to conscience
לא יחרף לבבי
my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me
Job 27:6.
6. specific reference to moral character (characteristic of ׳
ל): God tries the
׳
ל
1Chr 29:17
:
a.
׳
ישֶׁר ל
uprightness of heart
Deut 9:5; 1Chr 29:17
;
Ps 119:7
(?);
׳
יִשְׁרֵי ל
2Chr 29:34
׳
יִשְׁרַת ל
1Kgs 3:6
יָשָׁר
׳
ל
2Kgs 10:15
(3
t. in verse); ׳
תָּסלֿ
integrity of heart
Gen 20:5;
Gen 20:6 (
E
) 1Kgs 9:4
;
Ps 78:72
;
Ps 101:2
שָׁלֵם (עִםׅ
׳
ל
heart perfect (with) 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:14 (= 2Chr 15:17
) 2Kgs 20:3
(= Isa 38:3
לֵב ?) 1Chr 12:39; 1Chr 29:19; 1Chr 2:9; 1Chr 19:9; 1Chr 25:2
׳
בַּרלֿ
pure in heart
Ps 24:4
׳
בָּרֵי ל
Ps 73:1. We
may
add
2Kgs 22:19
=
2Chr 34:27
;
Neh 9:8; Jer 32:40
.
b. it is the seat of naughtiness 1Sam 17:28 (?), erring Ps 95:10 is forward Ps 101:4
.
c. seat of pride,
Ps 101:5
;
Isa 9:8; Isa 10:12
;
Isa 60:5
(?)
Ezek 28:5
;
Ezek 28:6
(?)
Dan 8:25
׳
רָם ל
heart is lifted up
Deut 8:14;
Deut 17:20
;
Ezek 31:10
;
Dan 11:12
.
d. is circumcised Deut 10:16; Deut 30:6; Jer 4:4, or uncircumcised Lev 26:41 (
H
); is hardened ׳
אמּץ ל
Deut 2:30;
Deut 15:7;
2Chr 36:13
׳
כבּד ל
1Sam 6:6 (?);
׳
הקשׁה ל
Ps 95:8.
7. = the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ
)
׳
אמר בל
say in the heart (to oneself) Deut 7:17; Deut 8:17; Deut 9:4; Deut 18:21
; Ps 4:5;
Isa 14:3;
Isa 47:8;
Isa 49:21
; Jer 5:24
; Jer
13:22;
Zeph 1:12
;
Zeph 2:15
ללבב
Hos 7:2 (?);
׳
דבר בל
Ps 15:2
׳
ברכו בל
Job 1:5
׳
התברך בל
Deut 29:18
יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם
let your heart (you yourselves) live
Ps 22:27
;
Ps 69:33
(compare
Ps
119:175).
8. specifically as the seat of the appetites (for which usually
נֶפֶשׁ
) ׳
סעד ל
stay the heart (with food) Ps 104:15; Judg 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ
that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Judg 19:9 (?); יַיִן
׳
יְשַׂמַּח ל
wine gladdens the heart
Ps 104:15
.
9. specifically of seat of the emotions and passions (for which
usually
נפשׁ):
a. of joy Isa 30:29; Jer 15:16; Ezek 36:5, gladness Deut 28:47
,
desire Prov
6:25
(?); דבּר
׳
על ל
speak into the heart (comfortably) 2Chr 32:6 (elsewhere לֵב).
b.
of trouble
1Kgs 8:38;
Ps 25:17;
Ps 73:21 weakness, faintness Lev 26:36 (
H
) Deut
20:3
; Deut
20:18
; 2Chr
13:7
; Isa 1:5;
Isa 7:4; Jer 51:46
,
grief Deut
15:10
; 1Sam 1:8
sorrow
Ps 13:3,
fear
Deut 28:67
,
dismay Isa 21:4
,
astonishment
Deut
28:28, anger
Deut 19:6, hate Lev 19:16 (
H
); ׳
ימּס ל
the heart melteth
Deut 20:8;
Josh 2:11;
Josh 5:1; Josh 7:5 (all
D
) Isa
13:7
; Isa 19:1
׳
המס ל
Deut 1:28
(so
read
probably also
Josh
14:8
, where לֵב error).
10.
seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֺ
וּלְבָבוֺ
stir up his power and his courage
Dan
11:25
יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם
let your heart take courage
Ps 31:25
.
BDB7797
רוּחַ378
noun feminine
Gen 41:8
(less often masculine
Exod 10:13
+) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳
ר
Gen 8:1 +,
ר֑וּחָה
Jer 52:23
construct רוּחַ
Gen 6:17 +; suffix
רוּחִי Gen
6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ
Ps 104:30
+, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת Ps 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת
Jer 49:36,
רוּחֹת
Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see
Br
רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff.
, full statement of all passages); —
1.
breath
of mouth or nostrils (33 t.):
a.
רוּחַ פִּיו
Job 15:30
breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17
רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ
Lam 4:20
(figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם
Jer 10:14
= Jer 51:17
, Hab 2:19
; Ps
135:17 compare Job 9:18.
b. as mere breath: compare 2.e.
דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ
Job 16:3
i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי
Job 6:26
,
הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ
Jer 5:13
.
c. as word of command: (1) of God: (נעשׂו) בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּלֿ
צְבָאָם
Ps 33:6
,
compare
Isa
34:16 (|| פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית
רָשָׁע
Isa 11:4
.
d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּח
אַפּוֺ
יִכְלוּ
Job 4:9;
Exod 15:8
(poem),
2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16; Isa 30:28; Isa 59:19 (2) of man: רוּחַ
עָרִיצִים
Isa 25:4
.
e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים
breath of life
Gen 6:17
;
Gen 7:15
(
P
); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו
Gen 7:22
(
P
);
Ezek 37:5, compare Ezek 37:6 Ezek 37:8 Ezek 37:9 Ezek 37:9 Ezek 37:9 Ezek
37:10 Ezek 37:14
(breath or spirit), Eccl 3:19.
2.
wind (117 t.):
a.
wind of heaven: Gen 8:1 (
P
)
Exod 15:10 (
E
) Num
11:31 (
J
)
1Kgs 18:45 +, Jer 10:13, thence Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7
׳
רוּחַ י
Hos
13:15
;
Isa 40:7
, compare
Job 26:13 (Di
Bu); רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים
east wind
Exod
10:13
(twice in verse); Exod 14:21 (
J
) Ps
48:8;
Jer 18:17; Ezek 17:10; Ezek 19:12; Ezek
27:26; Jonah
4:8
צָפוֺן
׳
ר
north wind
Prov 25:23
יָם
׳
ר
sea wind (west wind) Exod 10:19 (
J
); . הַיּוֺם
׳
ר
day wind, evening wind Gen 3:8 (
J
; compare
Song 2:17;
Song 4:6); אַרְבַּע
רוּחוֺת
four winds
Jer
49:36
;
Ezek
37:9 (quarters?) Dan 8:8; Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b
.),
Zech
2:10
; Zech 6:5
רוּחַ סְעְרָה
storm wind
Ps 107:25
;
Ps
148:8;
Ezek 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת
׳
ר), Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:13
רוּחַ סֹעָה
rushing wind
Ps 55:9
(read possibly סערה
Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ
Isa
11:15
(read ׳
בְּעֹצֶם ר, see
עֲיָם
, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ
2Sam 22:11
=
Ps
18:11;
Ps 104:3, compare Hos 4:19; Ps 104:4.
b.
quarter (of wind), side:
רוּחַ הַקָּדִים
Ezek
42:16
east side; רוּחַ
הַצָּפוֺן Ezek 42:17
north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם Ezek 42:18
south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם Ezek 42:19
west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת Ezek 42:20;
1Chr 9:24
four sides; ר֑וּחָה
Jer
52:23
on the sides.
c.
breath of air:
שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים
Jer 14:6
רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם
Job 41:8
.
d.
air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ
יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ
Isa 26:18 (Di,
e);
רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (
RV
breath) Isa 33:11 (Du
, 3.c.).
e.
vain, empty thing:
רוּחַיָּי֑
Job 7:7
my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ
Job 15:2
רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם
Isa 41:29
רְעוּת רוּחַ
striving for wind
Eccl 1:14
; Eccl
2:11;
Eccl 2:17;
Eccl 2:26;
Eccl 4:4;
Eccl 4:6
; Eccl 6:9
compare
Eccl 1:17
; Eccl 4:16
; Eccl
5:15.
3.
spirit,
as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper,
disposition
(76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with
נֶפֶשׁ and
לֵבָב
):
a.
spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour:
לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ
1Kgs
10:5
= 2Chr 9:4
מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ
סָרָה
1Kgs
21:5
וַתְּחִי רוּחַ
Gen
45:27
(
E
); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ
Judg
15:19
;
1Sam
30:12.
b.
courage:
׳
לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר
Josh 5:1
נְגִידִים
׳
יִבְצֹר ר
Ps 76:13
מִצְרַיִם
׳
וְנָָֽבְקָה ר
Isa
19:3
תתעטּף רוּחִי
Ps
77:4
; Ps
142:4;
Ps 143:4
לֹא קָמָה
׳
עוֺד ר
Josh
2:11
אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ
׳
ר
Prov
18:14.
c.
temper, especially anger:
׳
רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו
Judg 9:23
אָז
רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם
Judg
8:3
משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ
Prov 16:32, compare Prov 25:28; Prov 29:11;
Job 15:13
הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי
Zech 6:8
;
Eccl 7:9; Eccl 10:4.
d.
impatience or patience:
קֹצֶר רוּחַ
Exod 6:9
(
P
) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of ׳
י) Mic
2:7
קְצַררֿוּחַ
Prov 14:29
(|| אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם);
הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי
Job 32:18 (Du
breath; Di
Bu
divine spirit, compare Job 32:8); אִם
מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי
Job
21:4
׳
הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י
Mic 2:7
׳
אֶרֶךְ ר
Eccl
7:8.
e.
spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented;
וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (his) spirit was
troubled
Gen 41:8 (
E
) Dan 2:3
, compare Dan 2:1
מֹרַת רוּחַ
Gen 26:35 (
P
) bitterness of spirit; ׳
עֲצוּבַת ר
Isa 54:6, compare Ezek 3:14; Job 6:4
.
f.
as crushed:
וְכִהֲתָה
כָלרֿוּחַ
Ezek 21:12
, compare Isa
61:3;
Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22
;
Prov 18:14
; Ps 143:7
.
g.
disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and
uncontrollable impulse:
הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ
1Chr 5:26
(twice in verse); 2Chr
21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra
1:1;
Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14
(3
t. in verse); הִנְנִי
נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח
2Kgs 19:7 =
Isa 37:7
; Num 14:24
(
J
; see
עִם
4.b.), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse);
Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30
רוּחַ קִנְאָה
jealous disposition
Num 5:14 (twice
in verse); Num
5:30 (
P
); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים
Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4
רוּחַ
עִוְעִים
Isa 19:14
רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט
Isa 28:6
אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם
בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (
E
); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה
Prov 17:27
.
h.
prophetic spirit:
יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ
רוּחַ בּזֹ
Num 27:18 (
P
; or g., as Gen
41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ
עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע
2Kgs 2:15,
compare
2Kgs 2:9
רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה
spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21
; Gen
15:12, but Di and others
g., as Isa 19:14)
Isa 29:10;
Mic
2:11
רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה
Zech 13:2 (of
lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3.
4.
spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men
and
animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):
a. gift and creation of God:
יֹצֵר
רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ
Zech 12:1
רוּחַ אֱלוֺהַּ בְּאַפִּי
Job 27:3
,
compare Isa
42:5
.
b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי
Job
10:12,
compare
Job
12:10
אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר
Num 16:22
;
Num 27:16
(
P
); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת
Prov 16:2
.
c. it is therefore God's spirit: Gen 6:3 (
J
; see
דִּין
near the end).
d. it departs at death: Ps 78:39 (
Dr
a wind that passeth away
2.e.); חַיֵּי רוּחִי
Isa
38:16 (Di
principle of life), Ps 146:4 especially Ps 104:29; Ps 104:30; Job 17:1
;
Job 34:14 (compare Job 34:15), Isa 57:16; Eccl 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind
Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ
Eccl 11:5
, compare
Eccl 3:21 over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר
נְתָנָהּ
Eccl 12:7
בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי
Ps 31:6
.
e. disembodied being (dubious, Di
Du
breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַלפָּֿנַי
יַחֲלֹף
Job 4:15
.
5.
spirit
as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
a.
desire (possibly 3.g.), Isa 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ
).
b.
sorrow, trouble (probably 3.e.), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ
). — 1Sam
1:15 see
קָשֶׁה
.
6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, || לֵב, or
synonym with
it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה
Exod 28:3;
Deut 34:9
(both
P
; probably 3.g.); תּעֵי רוּחַ
Isa 29:24
, compare
Job 20:3 (Hi
Bu
Du
wind of Job's words), Ps 77:7 (
ᵐ5
Symm
ᵑ6
Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ
יהוה
Isa 40:13
come into mind
(compare לֵב
Isa 65:17
; Jer 3:16
+);
1Chr 28:12.
7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב
Ps 51:12
(=
לֵב נָכוֺן
Ps 57:8
(twice in
verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Ps 51:14
נָָֽדְבָה רוּחוֺ
Exod 35:21
(
P
; compare נְדִיב לֵב
Exod 35:5;
Exod 35:22
(
P
)
2Chr
29:31).
8.
רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = לֵב:
רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה
Ezek 11:19
;
Ezek 18:31
;
Ezek 36:26
רוּחִי Ezek 36:27; Isa 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי
; but
probably prophetic spirit 9.b.); לֵב חָדָשׁ
Ezek 18:31
;
Ezek 36:26
נְכֵה רוּחַ
Isa 66:2
דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ
Ps 34:19
(compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים
Isa 57:15
); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ
Isa 65:14
(compare 3.f.); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה
Ps
51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב
Ps
34:19; Isa
61:1); Ps
32:2;
Prov 11:13; Prov
16:18;
Ps 78:8;
Eccl 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב
Prov
16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ
Prov 16:19; Prov 29:23; Isa 57:15
רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Isa 57:15 (compare 3.f.).
9.
spirit of God (94 t.; not
D
or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy
probably
discredited from abuse by false prophets, see
נביא
,
נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Num 11:17
;
Num 11:25
(twice in verse);
Num 11:26; Num 11:29 (
J
),
1Sam 10:6
;
1Sam
10:10 (compare 1Sam 10:5), 1Sam 19:20; 1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of
frenzy, in the ecstatic
state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה
׳
ר
1Sam
16:15
(twice in verse); 1Sam 16:16, = ׳
רָעָה מֵאֵת י
׳
ר 1Sam 16:14 = רָעָה
׳
א
׳
צלח ר
1Sam
18:10
(other narrative) = רָעָה
׳
י
׳
ר
1Sam 19:9
׳
א
׳
ר
1Sam
16:23
= רוּחַ הָרָעָה 1Sam 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ
1Kgs
22:21
= שֶׁקֶר
׳
ר 1Kgs 22:22 1Kgs 22:23 = 2Chr 18:20; 2Chr
18:21; 2Chr 18:22 = ׳
רוּחַ י
1Kgs
22:24
=
2Chr
18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by
the
spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא
Hos 9:7
׳
רוּחַ י
Mic 3:8
(||
בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We
Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי
Isa 30:1
רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:12; Ezek 3:14; Ezek 3:24; Ezek 8:3;
Ezek 11:1
;
Ezek 11:5; Ezek 11:24 (Co gloss), Ezek 37:1
;
Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare
Elijah
1Kgs
18:12;
2Kgs 2:16.
b.
spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later
conception):
transition probably
Num 24:2; 2Sam 23:2; 1Chr 12:18 elsewhere
in Chronicles:
2Chr 15:1;
2Chr 20:14
;
2Chr 24:20 distinctly in Isa2, Isa
48:16
, compare
Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets, Zech 7:12; Neh 9:30 compare, of future
prophetic gift,
Joel 3:1;
Joel 3:2.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to
שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel:
וַתְּהִי רוּחַ
על
׳
י
Judg 3:10
;
Judg
11:29
, compare
Judg 6:34; Judg 13:25; Judg 14:6; Judg 14:19; Judg
15:14;
1Sam 11:6; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 16:14
so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם
Isa
32:15
(2) resting upon Messianic king: Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of ׳
י,
Isa 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with
various gifts:
technical skill
Exod 31:3; Exod 35:31 (
P
); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by
divine
wisdom
Prov
1:23.
e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת
עַלפְּֿנֵי
הַמָּ֑יִם
Gen 1:2
(
P
); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי
Job 33:4
(|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר: Isa 31:3
in
cherubic chariot:
Ezek 1:12, compare Ezek 1:20 Ezek 1:21; Ezek
10:17 reviving Israel
Ezek 39:29
;
Zech 12:10; Isa 44:3.
f. = ancient angel of the presence and
later
Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ
׳
ר
Isa
63:10
;
Isa
63:11 = ׳
י
׳
ר Isa 63:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9
), compare Ps 106:33
so also קָדְשְׁךָ
׳
ר
Ps
51:13
(in national prayer), compare Neh 9:20; Ps 143:10 prophets of
restoration conceive of the divine spirit
as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי
עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם
Hag 2:5
;
Zech 4:6 this
conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Ps
139:7
(|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare Ps 139:8).