BDB1815
[דָּבַר]1142
verb
speak (original meaning dubious; range in order
Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben
MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic
A
meaning go away, sustained by Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1055]
go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1056]
depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline
;
[untranscribed source text 1057]
passing away, death; Assyrian
dabâru
, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom,
Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt
. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר
pestilence. (2) Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1058]
follow behind, in time, place, or station;
[untranscribed source text 1059]
part behind,
[untranscribed source text 1060]
back, דְּבִיר
hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1061]
lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic
דְּבַר; Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1062], Aramaic דַּבָּר
leader; Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1063], Aramaic דַּבָּרָא
guidance; Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1064], Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1065], Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר
pasture, wilderness; Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1066], Syriac
[untranscribed source text 1067], Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה
swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1068]
consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate
(a story or tradition);
[untranscribed source text 1069]
consider,
[untranscribed source text 1070]
plan against; Phoenician דבר
speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר
say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν,
λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —
Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix
בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Ps 51:6
Participle
דֹּבֵר
Exod 6:29 + 30 t.;
plural דֹּבְרִים
Num 36:5; Ps 109:20
construct דֹּבְרֵי
Ps 5:7 + 3 t.; feminine
דֹּבְרוֺת
Num 27:7; Ps 31:19 passive
דָּבֻר
Prov 25:11 —
speak, absolute Num 27:7; Num 32:27; Num 36:5 (
P
) Ps 51:6
(?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר
word spoken
Prov 25:11
with accusative of thing דֹּבֵר דָּבָר
speaking a word
Job 2:13
אמת
Ps 15:2,
תמים
Amos 5:10,
(מ)ישׁרים
Prov 16:13;
Isa 33:15,
צדק
Isa 45:19,
שׁלום
Esth 10:3; Ps 28:3,
שׁקר(יםׅ
Ps 63:12; Ps 101:7; Jer 40:16,
כזב
Ps 5:7; Ps 58:4, רע
Ps 109:20,
נבלה
Isa 9:16,
הַוַּת נפשׁו
Mic 7:3 with
אֶל of person, unto
Gen 16:13 (
J
) Exod 6:29
(
P
) Jer 38:20
; Jer 40:16
; Dan 10:11
; Jonah 3:2
בְּאָזְנֵי
in the ears of
Deut 5:1; Jer 28:7
עַל
concerning, about
Ps 31:19; Ps 109:20;
Jer 32:42
(sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם
with
Ps 28:3
הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי
the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zech 1:9; Zech 1:13; Zech 1:14; Zech 2:2; Zech 2:7; Zech 4:1; Zech 4:4; Zech 4:5; Zech 5:5; Zech 5:10; Zech 6:4 (see
preposition בְּ III. 2
Ew§ 217 f. (3)).
Niph`al4
Perfect
נִדְבְּרוּ
Mal 3:16,
נִדְבָּ֑רוּ
Ps 119:23
, נִדְבַּרְנוּ
Mal 3:13
Participle
הַנִּדְבָּרִים
Ezek 33:30
reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Mal 3:16 with בְּ
, against
Ps 119:23
; Ezek
33:30 with עַל, concerning, about
Mal 3:13 (
RV
against, see Ew§ 217 i.)
Pi`el1089
Perfect
דִּבֶּר
Gen 12:4 +,
דִּבֵּ֑ר
Gen 21:1 +
(on
דִּבֶּ֑ר
Exod 12:25
;
Deut
26:19 see
Bö§ 1021 d (1)
Köi, 188);
Imperfect
יְדַבֵּר
Gen 44:7 +,
יְדַבֶּרֿ
Gen 44:18
+;
תְּדַבְּרוּן
Gen 32:20
,
תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן
Ps 58:2
Imperative
דַּבֵּר
Gen 24:38
+,
דַּבֶּרֿ
Exod 11:2
+;
Infinitive
דַּבֵּר
Gen 24:50
+,
דַּבֶּרֿ
Isa 59:13
+;
Participle
מְדַבֵּר
Gen 27:6 +;
feminine
מְדַבֶּרֶת
1Sam 1:13
+; — (
הַדִּבֵּר
Jer 5:13,
infinitive
Ki48, probably
Ol§ 182 e
Kö§ 23 (5), perhaps
MV
; but more probably a noun, as
Ges«GKC:52»§ 52
(2), Anm. 3
Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as
Sta§ 222;
בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר
Exod 6:28;
Num 3:1;
Deut 4:15
תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ
Hos 1:2,
infinitive
Ki48
Bö§ 987 (7)
Kö§
23 (5); but more probably perfect, as
Ges
«GKC:52»§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,
1. absolute Deut 18:17 + (throughout the literature) usually with לֵאמֹר
, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2Kgs 18:28 +, compare the phrases ) דברתי
׳
אני (י
Ezek 5:13
+ 18 t. Ezekiel; דבר
׳
כי י
Isa 1:2; Isa 21:17
; Isa
22:25; Isa
24:3; Isa
25:8;
Jer 13:15;
Joel 4:8;
Obad 1:18
דבר
׳
כי פי י
Isa 1:20;
Isa 40:5;
Isa 58:14
; Mic 4:4
פי ידבר
Ps 49:4
(י)דבר פי
Ps 66:14
;
Ps 145:21
השׁכם ודבר
Jer 7:13;
Jer 25:3;
Jer 35:14
עוד זה מדבר
Job 1:16;
Job 1:17;
Job 1:18.
2. with accusative of thing, very frequently, ׳
ד
את הדברים האלה
Exod 20:1;
Deut 5:19
+; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר
עוֺד דְּבָרֶיךָ
why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ?
2Sam 19:30
עַד אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י
until I
have told my errand
Gen 24:33
seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as דָּבָר
׳
ד
Isa 58:13
speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also דְּבָרִים
׳
ד
Hos 10:4
with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות
spake rough words
Gen 42:7;
Gen 42:30
(
E
); גבהה
׳
ד
proud words
1Sam 2:3
טבות
friendly words
Jer 12:6
טוב
1Sam 19:4;
1Kgs 22:13
; Esth 7:9
שׁקר
Isa 59:3
+, כזב
Dan 11:27
, אמת
Jer 9:4 +,
שׁוא
Ps 12:3 +;
דבר שׁיר
utter, sing a song
Judg 5:12
משׁל
1Kgs 5:12
יְהוּדִית
the Jewish language
Neh 13:24
סרה
rebellion
Deut 13:6;
Jer 28:16
; Jer
29:32.
3.
with persons:
a. rarely accusative יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם
they could [not] speak unto him peaceably
Gen 37:4
(
J
; but Ew§ 282 a
about him); וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם
Num 26:3
(
P
, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation
yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d.).
b.
most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: Gen 8:15 +; compare phrases
אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר
׳
וַיְדַבֵּר י
Exod 6:10
+ 87 t.
P
; but אל משׁה לך
׳
וידבּר י
Exod 32:7
; Exod
33:1 (
J
E
); דבּר אל אהרן
Lev 6:18
+ 8 t. (
P
); ישׂראל דבר אל בני
Exod 6:9 +
38 t. (
P
); elsewhere, Exod 19:6 (
E
) Deut
1:3;
Deut 4:45 (
D
); אל (כל) העדה
׳
ד
Exod 12:3
; Lev
19:2;
Num 16:24; Num 16:26 (
P
); אל לב
׳
ד
speak unto one's heart
Gen 24:45
, i.e. to oneself, compare also על לִבָּהּ
׳
ד
1Sam 1:13
, see 5 below; אל is used inexactly for על
1Sam 3:12
;
1Kgs 16:12; Isa 16:13; Jer 27:13; Jer 30:4; Jer 33:14
; Jer
36:7;
Jer 36:31; Jer 40:2; Jer 50:1; Jer 51:12; Jer 51:62 where it is
rendered concerning or against.
c. with לְ
speak to
1Kgs 2:19
;
Ezek 32:21;
Dan 2:4
ליהוה
speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Josh 10:12 (
D
)
2Sam 22:1 (= Ps 18:1 title); in
D
, דבר ל
promise to, in phrases ) ל
׳
כאשׁר דבר(י
Deut 1:11
; Deut
1:21;
Deut 6:3;
Deut 9:3;
Deut 10:9; Deut 11:25; Deut 12:20; Deut 15:6; Deut 18:2
;
Deut 26:18; Deut 27:3; Deut 29:12; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33; Josh 22:4
; Josh
23:5;
Josh 23:10 (all
D
); אשׁר דבר ל
Deut 9:28
;
1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26 (= 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17
). — דבר ל
Gen 24:7
; Gen
28:15;
Gen 49:28; Exod 32:34 (
J
)
Josh 9:21 (
P
)
Judg 14:7; 2Sam 23:3; Isa 30:10; Zech 9:10 usually rendered
speak to, but often rather promise to.
הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ
is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ?
2Kgs 4:13
(by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
d. with אֵת
speak with
Gen 17:3
; Gen
17:22;
Gen 17:23;
Gen 21:2;
Gen 23:8;
Gen 34:6;
Gen 34:8; Gen 35:13; Gen 35:15
;
Exod 25:22; Exod 31:18; Exod 34:29; Exod 34:33; Exod 34:34; Exod 34:35
; Num 3:1
; Num
7:89;
Josh 22:15; Josh 22:21 (all
P
) Gen
35:14;
Gen 41:9;
Gen 42:7; Gen 45:15; Josh 17:14 (all
E
)
Deut 5:21 sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 7:7 = 1Chr 17:6; 1Kgs 8:15
= 2Chr
6:4;
1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23; 2Chr 10:10 ( = אל
1Kgs
12:10) Jer
5:5;
Jer 7:22;
Jer 9:7;
Jer 35:2; Jer 38:25;
Jer 3:22
; Jer
3:24;
Jer 3:27
; Jer
14:4;
Jer 20:3;
Jer 44:5;
compare phrases דבר חד את אחד
speak one with another
Ezek
33:30
דבר משׁפטים את
speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against,
(not Jer
12:1), Jer
1:16;
Jer
4:12;
Jer
12:1;
Jer
39:5;
Jer
52:9 (=
2Kgs 25:6
); דבר טבות את
speak kindly with
2Kgs
25:28 = Jer 52:32.
e. with עִם
speak with, (not
P
),
Gen 29:9; Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29; Exod 19:9; Exod 20:19 (twice in verse); Exod 20:22
; Exod
33:9;
Num 11:17; Num 22:19; Josh 24:27 (all
J
E
) Deut
5:4;
Deut 9:10;
Judg 6:17;
1Sam 9:25 (
ᵐ5
Th
We
Dr
וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ
spread a couch for) 1Sam 17:23; 2Sam 13:22; 1Kgs 1:14; 1Kgs 1:22
;
2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 18:26; 2Chr 9:1 (= אֶל
1Kgs 10:2
) Neh
9:18;
Esth 6:14; Jer 32:4; Dan 8:18; Dan 9:22; Dan 10:11; Dan 10:15
;
Dan 10:17; Dan 10:19; Hos 12:5
דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי
I spake, communed with my heart
Eccl 1:16
.
f.
לִפְנֵי
before, in the presence of
Exod 6:12
; Num
36:1 (
P
)
Judg 11:11; 1Kgs 3:22; Esth 8:3.
4. with בְּ
a.
instrumental, דבר בְּ
speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above
Qal near the end) Num 12:2 (twice in verse); Num 12:6; Num 12:8 (
E
)
2Sam 23:2 (compare Dr), 1Kgs 22:28 = 2Chr
18:27; Hab
2:1
בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר
speak in the name of
Exod 5:23
(
J
)
Deut 18:19; Deut 18:20 (twice in verse); Deut 18:22; 1Chr
21:19; Jer
20:9;
Jer 26:16; Jer 29:23; Jer 44:16; Dan 9:6;
Zech 13:3
ביד
by the hand of
Num 17:5
; Num
27:23;
(
P
)
1Sam 28:17; 1Kgs 8:53 + 13 t. Kings, 2Chr 10:15 (= 1Kgs
12:15) Isa
20:2;
Jer
37:2;
Jer
50:1; Ezek 38:17.
b.
local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי
in the ears of
Gen 20:8
(
E
)
Exod 11:2; Deut 32:44 (
J
) Gen
23:16;
Num 14:28;
Josh 20:4 (
P
)
Deut 31:28; Deut 31:30; Judg 9:2; Judg 9:3; 1Sam 8:21; 1Sam 11:4
;
1Sam 25:24; 2Sam 3:19 (twice in verse); Jer 26:15; Prov 23:9
בלב דבר
speak in the heart
Eccl 2:15
.
c.
of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e
Ew§ 217 f, (2)) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19; 1Sam 19:3
; 1Sam
19:4; Ps 119:46; Ps 122:8
propose for (a wife) 1Sam 25:39 (compare Song 8:8).
d.
of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f
, (1))
Num 12:1;
Num 12:8;
Num 21:5;
Num 21:7 (
E
)
Job 19:18; Ps 50:20; Ps 78:19.
e.
of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ
at the cost of his life
1Kgs 2:23
(see
בְּ
III. 3).
5. with עַל, of the object concerning or
about which one speaks Gen 18:19; Num 10:29 (
J
)
Josh 23:14 (
D
) Judg
9:3;
1Sam 25:30;
1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 2:27; 1Kgs 5:13 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 14:2
;
1Kgs 22:23 (= 2Chr 18:22), 2Kgs 10:10; 2Kgs
19:21 = Isa 37:22; 1Chr 22:11; 2Chr 23:3; Jer 1:16
; Jer
18:7;
Jer 18:8;
Jer 18:9; Jer 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not
all of the following, where
RV
renders
1Kgs 2:18; 1Kgs 2:19; Esth 7:9; Jer 18:20
for; 2Chr 32:16; Neh 6:12; Jer 11:17; Jer 16:10; Jer 25:13; Jer 26:13
;
Jer 26:19; Jer 35:17; Ezek 36:5; Dan 9:12; Dan 11:36; Hos 7:13
; Amos
3:1
against; and 1Kgs 9:5; 2Kgs 22:19; Jer 10:1; Jer 19:15
unto (על is used for אל
unto
2Chr
32:19; Jer
6:10; Jer
25:2; Jer
26:2;
Hos 12:11); compare the phrase
דבר על לב
speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort
Gen 34:3
; Gen
50:21 (
E
)
Judg 19:3;
Ruth 2:13;
1Sam 1:13 (seemingly from context על for
אל, to her heart, to herself, see Dr
),
2Sam 19:8; 2Chr 30:22; 2Chr 32:6; Isa 40:2
; Hos
2:16.
6. with infinitive דבר לעשׂות
promise to do
Exod
32:14 (
J
)
Deut 1:14; Ezek 6:10; Jonah 3:10
דבר לתת
promise to give
Deut 19:8
דבר למחות
threaten to blot out
2Kgs
14:27 compare דבר להזהיר i.e. so as to warn Ezek 3:18; Ezek 33:8
.
Note. — וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה
2Chr
22:10
ᵐ5
ἀπώλεσε,
ᵑ9
interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד
2Kgs 11:1
. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1071]) Thes
MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical
וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁפָּטִים
GesHdw
Rob; but compare
VB
. —
Pu`al
Imperfect
בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ
in the day when she may be spoken for
Song 8:8
(see
Pi`el
4.c.); Participle
נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ
glorious things are being spoken in thee (
RV
Pe
MV
of thee) Ps 87:3.
Hithpa`el
Participle
מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative מִדַּבֵּר
הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה
speaking this word
2Sam
14:13
׳
שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל
heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto
Num
7:89 (
P
)
Ezek
2:2;
Ezek 43:6 (Di
Num
7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר after
ᵐ5
; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile
with אֶל).
Hiph`il
Imperfect
וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי
Ps
18:48
(
2Sam 22:48 has
וּמֹרִיד for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר), יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים
תַּחְתֵּינוּ
Ps 47:4 either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר) leads
subject (so Ges
coegit, De
Now), or (compare Arabic
[untranscribed source text 1072]
turn the back, retreat) puts to flight,
figurative for subdues (so Hi
).