Ἰουδαῖος, Ἰουδαία, Ἰουδαῖον (Ιουδα) (Aristotle (in Josephus, contra Apion 1, 22, 7 where see Müller), Polybius, Diodorus, Strabo, Plutarch, others; the Sept.; (cf. Sophocles Lexicon, under the word)), Jewish;

a. joined to nouns, belonging to the Jewish race: ἀνήρ, Act 10:28; Act 22:3 (1Ma 2:23); ἄνθρωπος, Act 21:39; ψευδοπροφήτης, Act 13:6; ἀρχιερεύς, Act 19:14; γυνή, Act 16:1; Act 24:24; γῆ, Joh 3:22; χώρα, Mar 1:5.

b. without a noun, substantively, Jewish as respects birth, race, religion; a Jew: Joh 4:9; Act 18:2; Act 18:24; Rom 2:23 f; plural, Rev 2:9; Rev 3:9; οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι (éÀäåÌãÄéí, before the exile citizens of the kingdom of Judah; after the exile all the Israelites (cf. Wright in B. D. under the word )), the Jews, the Jewish race: Mat 2:2; Mat 27:11; Mat 27:29; Mar 7:3; Mar 15:2; Joh 2:6; Joh 4:22; Joh 5:1; Joh 18:33, etc.; Ἰουδαῖοι τέ καί Ἕλληνες, Act 14:1; Act 18:4; Act 19:10; 1Co 1:24; Ἰουδαῖοι τέ καί προσήλυτοι, Act 2:11 (10); ἔθνη τέ καί Ἰουδαῖοι, Act 14:5; singular, Rom 1:16; Rom 2:9; οἱ κατά τά ἔθνη Ἰουδαῖοι, who live in foreign lands, among the Gentiles, Act 21:21; Ἰουδαῖοι is used of converts from Judaism, Jewish Christians (see ἔθνος, 5) in Gal 2:13. [SYNONYMS: Ἑβραῖος, Ἰουδαῖος, Ἰσραηλίτης: "restricting ourselves to the employment of these three words in the N. T. we may say that in the first is predominantly noted language; in the second, nationality; in the third (the augustest title of all), theocratic privileges and glorious vocation" (Trench, § xxxix.); cf. B. D. under the word , , .] The apostle John, inasmuch as agreeably to the state of things in his day he looked upon the Jews as a body of men hostile to Christianity, with whom he had come to see that both he and all true Christians had nothing in common as respects religious matters, even in his record of the life of Jesus not only himself makes a distinction between the Jews and Jesus, but ascribes to Jesus and his apostles language in which they distinguish themselves from the Jews, as though the latter sprang from an alien race: Joh 11:8; Joh 13:33. And those who (not only at Jerusalem, but also in Galilee, cf. Joh 6:41; Joh 6:52) opposed his divine Master and his Master’s cause — especially the rulers, priests, members of the Sanhedrin, Pharisees — he does not hesitate to style οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, since the hatred of these leaders exhibits the hatred of the whole nation toward Jesus: Joh 1:19; Joh 2:18; Joh 2:20; Joh 5:10; Joh 5:15 ff,; . (Cf. B. D. under the word ; Franke, Stellung d. Johannes z. Volke d. alt. Bundes. (Halle, 1882).) Ἰουδαϊσμός, Ιουδαϊσμοῦ, ὁ, (Ἰουδαΐζω), the Jewish faith and worship, the religion of the Jews, Judaism: Gal 1:13 ff (2Ma 2:21, etc.; cf. Grimm, commentary on 2 Maccabees, p. 61. (B. D. American edition under the word ).)