ἐσθίω and ἔσθω, which see (lengthened forms of ἔδω (cf. Curtius, Das Verbum, ii., p. 429)); imperfect ἤσθιον; 2 aorist ἔφαγον (from ΦΑΓΩ); future φάγομαι (2 person φάγεσαι, Luk 17:8 (references under the word κατακαυχάομαι, at the beginning)), for the classic ἔδομαι, see Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii, p. 185; Kühner, i., p. 824; (Winers Grammar, 89 (85); Buttmann, 58 (51); but especially Veitch, under the word); the Sept. for àÈëÇì; (from Homer down); to eat; Vulg.manduco, (edo, etc.); (of animals, to devour);

a. absolutely: Mat 14:20; Mat 15:37-38; Mat 26:26; Mar 6:31; Mar 8:8; Joh 4:31, and often; ἐν τῷ φαγεῖν, in eating (the supper), 1Co 11:21; διδόναι τίνι φαγεῖν, to give one (something) to eat, Mat 14:16; Mat 25:35; Mat 25:42; Mar 5:43; Mar 6:37; Luk 9:13 (and with addition of an accusative of the thing to be eaten, Joh 6:31; Joh 6:52; ἐκ τίνος, Rev 2:7; (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 198f (187f))); φέρειν τίνι φαγεῖν, to bring one (something) to eat, Joh 4:33; specifically in opposition to abstinence from certain kinds of food, Rom 14:3; Rom 14:20; ἐσθίειν καί πίνειν (and φαγεῖν καί πιεῖν), to use food and drink to satisfy one’s hunger and thirst, 1Co 11:22; contextually, to be supported at the expense of others, 1Co 9:4; not to shun choice food and in a word to be rather a free-liver, opposed to the narrow and scrupulous notions of those who abstain from the use of wine and certain kinds of food, Mat 11:19; Luk 7:34; opposed to fasting (τό νηστεύειν), Luk 5:33; of those who, careless about other and especially graver matters, lead an easy, merry life, Luk 12:19; Luk 17:27; 1Co 15:32 (Isa 22:13); of the jovial use of a sacrificial feast, 1Co 10:7 from Exo 32:6; preceded by a negative, to abstain from all nourishment, Act 23:12; Act 23:21; to use a spare diet, spoken of an ascetic mode of life, Mat 11:18; of fasting, Act 9:9; ἐσθίειν (καί πίνειν) μετά τίνος, to dine, feast (in company) with one, Mat 9:11; Mar 2:16; Luk 5:30; with one (he providing the entertainment), i. e. at his house, Luk 7:36; μετά τῶν μεθυόντων etc., of luxurious revelling, Mat 24:49; Luk 12:45; ἐπί τραπέζης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the food and drink spread out on Christ’s table, i. e. to enjoy the blessings of the salvation procured by Christ (which is likened to a banquet), Luk 22:30; ἐσθίειν τίνι, to one’s honor, Rom 14:6.

b. construed with an accusative of the thing, to eat (consume) a thing (Winer’s Grammar, 198 (187) note): Mat 6:25; Mar 1:6; Joh 4:32; Joh 6:31; Rom 14:2; 1Co 8:13; 1Co 10:25, etc.; ἄρτον, to take food, eat a meal (after the Hebrew ìÆçÆí àÈëÇì, Gen 43:25; Exo 2:20; 1Sa 20:24; Pro 23:7), Mat 15:2; Mar 3:20; Luk 14:1; Luk 14:15; τόν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον, obtained by his own labor, 2Th 3:12; ἄρτον παρά τίνος (the genitive of person) to be supported by one, 2Th 3:8; τά παρά τίνος, the things supplied by one, Luk 10:7, equivalent to τά παρατιθέμενα in Luk 10:8 (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 366 (343)); 1Co 10:27; μή ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον, to live frugally, Luk 7:33; τό κυριακόν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν, to celebrate the Lord’s supper, 1Co 11:20; τό πάσχα, to eat the paschal lamb, celebrate the paschal supper, Mat 26:17; Mar 14:12; Mar 14:14; Luk 22:8; Luk 22:11; Luk 22:15-16 L T Tr WH; Joh 18:28; τάς θυσίας, to celebrate the sacrificial feasts, said of Jews, 1Co 10:18; of animals, in Luk 15:16 (where ὧν stands by attraction for ἅ, because ἐσθίειν with a simple genitive of thing is nowhere found in the N. T. (Winers Grammar, 198 (187) note)) by a usage hardly to be met with in classical Greek (Winers Grammar, § 28, 1; (Buttmann, 159 (139))), ἐκ τίνος, to (take and) eat of a thing: Luk 22:16 (R G); Joh 6:26; Joh 6:50; 1Co 11:28; on the other hand, ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ (L T Tr WH τόν καρπόν), ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος ἐσθίειν, in 1Co 9:7, is to support oneself by the sale of the fruit and the milk (but cf. Buttmann, as above, and Meyer at the passage). ἐκ with the genitive of place: ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, draw their support from the temple, i. e. from the sacrifices and offerings, 1Co 9:13 (but T Tr WH read τά ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); also ἐκ θυσιαστηρίου, i. e. from the things laid on the altar, Heb 13:10 (Winer’s Grammar, 366 (344)). by a Hebraism (îÄï àÈëÇì), ἀπό τίνος (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 199 (187)): Mat 15:27; Mar 7:28. Metaphorically, to devour, consume: τινα, Heb 10:27; τί, Rev 17:16; of rust, Jas 5:3. (Compare: κατεσθίω, συνεσθίω.)

STRONGS NT 2068: ἔσθωἔσθω, equivalent to ἐσθίω, a poetic form in use from Homer down, very rare in prose writings; from it are extant in the N. T. the participle ἔσθων in Mar 1:6 T Tr WH; (Luk 10:7 L T Tr WH); Luk 7:33 L Tr WH, (also 34 WH); the present subjunctive 2 person plural ἔσθητε in Luk 22:30 L T Tr WH; (cf. κατεσθίω). It occurs several times in the Sept., as Lev 17:10; Jdg 14:9 (Alex.); Isa 9:20; Sir 20:16; ἔσθετε, Lev 19:26. Cf. (Tdf. Proleg., p. 81); Buttmann, 58 (51).