Figures of Speech in the Bible

Symploce in the Bible

Symploce repeats words at both the beginning and the end of successive lines or clauses.

Simple definition

Symploce repeats words at both the beginning and the end of successive lines or clauses.

Technical nameSymploce / Combined Beginning-and-End Repetition
Alternate namesComplex repetition; anaphora plus epistrophe; repeated opening and closing
Reader categoryRepetition / Combined Pattern
Bullinger classFigures involving addition / repetition
Source hintBullinger-related taxonomy; examples should be verified at the level of translation and, where possible, original wording.
Examples on page10

Technical definition

Symploce combines anaphora and epistrophe, repeating the same opening and closing elements across parallel units to intensify emphasis and structure.

Publication note: Examples are curated from the final Wave 46 source state. Some examples carry review notes where final Bible-text stream verification may still be prudent before public release.

Scripture examples

These examples show how Symploce functions in biblical language, rhetoric, poetry, prophecy, narrative, or theological imagery.

Ps. 118:2-4
certain

Let ... say ... his steadfast love endures forever

Successive lines repeat an opening invitation and the same closing refrain.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Ps. 136:1-3
certain

Give thanks ... for his steadfast love endures forever

The repeated opening command and repeated closing refrain combine anaphora and epistrophe.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Ps. 136:4-9
certain

to him who ... for his steadfast love endures forever

The repeated beginning formula and repeated ending refrain structure the praise.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Amos 1:3-2:6
probable

For three transgressions ... I will not revoke the punishment

The repeated judgment formula opens and closes oracle units.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Matt. 5:3-10
probable

Blessed are ... for

The beatitudes use recurring openings and repeated explanatory promises.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Matt. 23:13-29
probable

Woe to you ... hypocrites

The woe speeches repeat both address and accusation.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Luke 6:20-22
probable

Blessed are you ... for

Repeated blessing form and explanatory result shape the discourse.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
1 Cor. 12:8-10
possible

to one ... to another

The repeated distributive pattern structures the gifts list.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Rev. 2-3
probable

To the angel ... the one who conquers

The letters share repeated openings and closing promises.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Rev. 18:10,16,19
probable

Alas, alas ... in one hour

The laments repeat exclamation and time reference across successive mourners.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 14 advanced repetition and arrangement forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.

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