Figures of Speech in the Bible

Antiphrasis in the Bible

Antiphrasis uses a word or expression in an opposite or sharply ironic sense.

Simple definition

Antiphrasis uses a word or expression in an opposite or sharply ironic sense.

Technical nameAntiphrasis / Opposite Wording
Alternate namesOpposite-name irony; sarcastic reversal; ironic naming
Reader categoryIrony / Contrast
Bullinger classFigures involving change / irony
Source hintBullinger-related taxonomy; final review should distinguish antiphrasis from broader irony and sarcasm.
Examples on page10

Technical definition

Antiphrasis is a form of irony in which a word, title, or expression is used contrary to its ordinary sense, usually to expose folly, idolatry, hypocrisy, or mock confidence.

Publication note: Examples are curated from the final Wave 46 source state. Some examples carry review notes where final Bible-text stream verification may still be prudent before public release.

Scripture examples

These examples show how Antiphrasis functions in biblical language, rhetoric, poetry, prophecy, narrative, or theological imagery.

Job 12:2
certain

No doubt you are the people

Job uses ironic praise to rebuke his friends’ assumption that wisdom belongs uniquely to them.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
1 Kgs. 18:27
certain

for he is a god

Elijah’s wording names Baal as a god in an ironic sense to expose the idol’s powerlessness.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Isa. 44:17
probable

Deliver me, for you are my god

The prophetic portrayal gives the idolater’s words in a way that exposes their absurdity.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Amos 4:4
certain

Come to Bethel and transgress

The invitation is not approval but ironic exposure of corrupt worship.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Zech. 11:13
probable

the lordly price

The expression is bitterly ironic in view of the contemptuous valuation.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
Mark 15:18
certain

Hail, King of the Jews

The soldiers’ title is true at a deeper level but spoken by them in mocking antiphrastic irony.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 19:14
probable

Behold your King

Pilate’s announcement carries a taunting edge even while the title is providentially true.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
1 Cor. 4:8
certain

Already you have all you want

Paul’s language is ironic, exposing the Corinthians’ inflated self-assessment.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
2 Cor. 11:5
probable

super-apostles

Paul’s title is deliberately ironic toward rival claimants and Corinthian boasting.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.
2 Cor. 12:11
probable

super-apostles

The repeated label again functions ironically against a false standard of apostolic greatness.

Source: Draft-normalized biblical example — Wave 13 advanced rhetorical and word-pattern forms
Review status: draft-normalized | Verify against original-language wording and final site Bible text stream before publication.

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