Hagar and Sarah
Paul explicitly says these things are being treated allegorically to contrast two covenants.
An allegory is an extended representation in which persons, places, or actions stand for another line of meaning indicated by the text.
An allegory is an extended representation in which persons, places, or actions stand for another line of meaning indicated by the text.
Allegory is a sustained figurative representation in which a surface narrative or image has a corresponding interpretive meaning; in biblical interpretation it must be governed by inspired explanation or strong contextual indicators, not by imagination.
These examples show how Allegory functions in biblical language, rhetoric, poetry, prophecy, narrative, or theological imagery.
Hagar and Sarah
Paul explicitly says these things are being treated allegorically to contrast two covenants.
eagles, cedar, vine
The riddle/allegory uses political images later interpreted in the chapter.
Oholah and Oholibah
Two women represent Samaria and Jerusalem in a sustained prophetic representation.
shepherd, sheepfold, door
The sustained shepherd imagery represents Christ, His sheep, false claimants, and saving access.
vine and branches
The vine imagery extends beyond a single metaphor into a sustained representational discourse.
armor of God
The armor imagery represents spiritual readiness and divine provision for conflict.
woman, dragon, child
The visionary scene presents figures whose meaning is larger than the surface images.
woman and beast
The angel interprets the woman, beast, heads, and waters within a sustained symbolic representation.
vineyard song
The vineyard represents Israel/Judah, and the text explicitly identifies the figure.
vine from Egypt
Israel is represented as a transplanted vine in a sustained national image.
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