BDB8776
I. שֵׁם864 noun masculine 2Sam 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, compare BaZMG xli (1887), 635; LagBN 160 ושׁם, Arabic [untranscribed source text 5592] brand, mark, compare RSK 213, 303 ff. Köii. 1. 104; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה); Phoenician שם Lzb377; Assyrian šumu ; Sabean סם HomChr 124; Ethiopic [untranscribed source text 5593] Arabic [untranscribed source text 5594], [untranscribed source text 5595], [untranscribed source text 5596], [untranscribed source text 5597]; Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Köii. 1. 512), [untranscribed source text 5598], [untranscribed source text 5599], Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם Lzb377); — absolute ׳ שׁ Gen 6:4 +; construct ׳ שׁ Gen 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁםֿ 1Sam 8:2 +; suffix שְׁמִי Exod 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Gen 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1Kgs 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֺת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Gen 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֺת Exod 6:16 +, suffix שְׁמוֺתָם Num 13:4 +, שְׁמוֺתָן Ezek 23:4 (twice in verse); — name:
1. of river Gen 2:11; Gen 2:13; Gen 2:14, beasts Gen 2:19 Gen 2:20, city Gen 26:33 (all
J
) +; היּוֺם
׳
שׁ
Ezek 24:2, i.e.
exact designation of it (+ הַזֶּה
׳
אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַיּ).
2.
a. usually of person: Gen 4:17; Gen 4:19 (twice in verse) (
J
) +; as significant 1Sam 25:25, compare Prov 21:24 especially in phrase וַיְהִי אִישׁ ֗֗֗
וּשְׁמוֺ
אֶלְקָנָה
1Sam 1:1, compare
1Sam 9:1; 1Sam 9:2, Jer 37:13 +
28
t.; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֺ
1Sam 17:4,
compare
Zech 6:12 + 5
t.
(compare in Assyrian KraeBAS i. 430); frequently with
קָרָא
(q. v. 6, and
Niph`al
2,
Pu`al; note here, עַל
׳
נִקְרָא שׁ in token of ownership 2Sam 12:28 (see Dr
), Isa 4:1
); rarely, שִׂים אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ
Judg 8:31,
compare
2Kgs 17:34;
Neh 9:7
׳
וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ
Dan 1:7 with
יֵאָמֵר
Gen 32:29
(
J
); change of name is without verb, as Gen 17:15 (
P
), or (usually) with יִהְיֶה
Gen 35:10
(
P
) Israel shall be thy name. compare Gen 17:5; 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 22:9,
also ׳
וַיַסֵּב אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ יְהו
2Kgs 23:34
= 2Chr
36:4, compare 2Kgs 24:17, and (suj. ׳
י) עוֺלָם אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ
׳
שׁ
Isa 56:5
מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ
Gen 32:28
, compare
Exod 3:13; Prov 30:4, מִית שְׁמֶ֑ךָ
Judg 13:17
be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֺת
Ezra 10:16
, ׳
נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ
Num 1:17;
1Chr 16:41
;
2Chr 28:15; 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 8:20, ׳
הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ
1Chr 4:38
, ׳
וַיָבזֹם בְּשׁ 1Chr 4:41 of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֺת תִּקְדוּ
Num 4:32 (
P
), + Num
4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת
ᵐ5
Di
Baen
Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם
Exod 33:12
(subject ׳
י), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare Exod 33:17 (both
J
); ׳
פ
׳
בְּשׁ
as the representative of
1Sam 25:5;
1Sam 25:9;
1Kgs 21:8
; Jer 29:25
; Esth
2:22;
Esth 3:12;
Esth 8:8 (twice in verse); Esth 8:10 (compare also 3).
b. = reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֫ךָ
Gen 12:2 (
J
), גָּדוֺל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר
׳
וְעָשִׂתִי לִךָ שׁ
בָּאָרֶץ
2Sam 7:9
make oneself a name
׳
וְנַעֲשֶׂח לָנוּ שׁ
Gen 11:4 (
J
), ׳
וַיַּעַשׂ לוֺ שׁ
2Sam 8:13
, of ׳
י
Jer 32:20
, hence
Neh 9:10;
Dan 9:15; Isa 63:12; Isa 63:14, so with שׂוּם
2Sam 7:23
= 1Chr
17:21
׳
וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ
Ezek 16:14
(compare 1Chr 14:17), 2Chr 26:15
עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק, 2Chr 26:8
׳
וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַדלְֿ; 2Sam 23:18; 2Sam 23:22 = fame, glory, Zeph 3:19;
Zeph 3:20
; Ezek
39:13. — Ezek 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם
ᵐ5
Siegf
Be Toy; Co
שָׁלֵם; Krae conjecture שָׁמֵן;
אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם
Gen 6:4 (
J
), Num
16:2 (
J
), אַנְשֵׁי
שֵׁמוֺת
1Chr 5:24
; 1Chr
12:31 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:30); with negative
בְּנֵי
בְלִישֵֿׁ
Job 30:3
(2) bad sense, וְהוֺצִא עָלָיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע
Dan 22:14
compare
Dan 22:19
; Neh 6:13
= byword
Ezek 23:10
טְמֵאַת
׳
הַשּׁ
Ezek 22:5
.
c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons,
אֵיןלִֿי בֵן בֵּעֲבוּר
הַזְכֵּיר שְׁמִי
2Sam 18:18
, ׳
לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ
Deut 25:7,
compare Deut
25:6; Ruth
4:5;
Ruth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deut 25:6, compare Num 27:4 (
P
), Ruth
4:10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes Is ||
צֶרַע) 1Sam 24:22 (Gi v.1Sam 24:21
), 2Sam
14:7 (|| שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Deut 7:24; Deut 9:14; Deut 12:3; Isa 14:22
+; לאֹ יִוָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֺד
Nah 1:14
(of Nineveh); כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם
Isa 66:22
more abstract (|| זֵכֶר) Job 18:17; Prov 10:7.
3.
name, as designation of God, specifically of ׳
י (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa2,3
, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ׳
י
׳
בְּשׁ
׳
ק
Gen 4:26
(
J
), call with, i.e. use the name ׳
י in worship, so Gen 12:8; Gen 13:4; Gen 21:33; Gen 26:35 + (see
קרא
2.c.); hence, of place of worship,
בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם
אֲשֶׁר אַוְּכִּיר מאתשְֿׁמִי
שָׁם
Exod 20:24 (Gi Exod 20:21);
אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם
Deut
12:5;
Deut 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי
2Sam 7:13 + often; people come ׳
י
׳
לְשׁ
Josh 9:9
(
R
D
), so ׳
לְמֵעַן שׁ
1Kgs 8:41 =
2Chr 6:32; Isa
60:9 seek it Ps 83:17
swear with
׳
י
׳
בְּשׁ
1Sam 20:42;
Deut 6:13;
Deut 10:20;
Lev 19:12, compare
(לַשָּׁוְא) Exod 20:7 (twice in verse)=Deut 5:11 (twice in
verse); ׳
י
׳
תָּפַשׁ
Prov 30:9
נִקְרָא שְׁמִיעַלֿ, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2.a
.), Jer
7:10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with
עָשָׁה לוֺ, see 1.b. (1), compare Josh 7:9
׳
י
׳
בְּשׁ, i.e. as his representative Exod 5:23
(
J
),
1Sam 17:45;
Deut
10:8;
2Sam 6:18;
2Kgs
2:24 + (see 2.a.
near the end); especially as embodying the
(revealed) character of ׳
י: שְׁמוֺ
׳
י
Amos 5:8;
Amos
9:6;
Jer 33:2,
וֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם
Exod 3:15 (
E
; || זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Exod 6:3 (
P
); ) עְבָאוֺת שְׁמוֺ
׳
(א
׳
י
Amos 4:13
;
Amos 5:27; Jer 10:16; Jer 46:18 + 10 t. Jeremiah,
Isa2, קַנָּא
שְׁמוֺ
׳
י
Exod 34:14
(
J
; compare
Exod 20:5; Nah
1:2), ׳
קָדוֺשׁ שׁ
Isa 57:15
, ׳
שׁ [וֺ] קָדְשִׁי
Amos 2:7;
Ezek 39:7;
Ezek 43:7;
Ps 103:1 + often; hence object of
knowledge Isa
52:6;
Jer 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ
Ps 9:11 (||
דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ
), love Isa
56:5, ׳
אֹהֲבֵי שׁ
Ps 5:12;
Ps 69:37; Ps
119:132, fear
Ps 61:6, especially
of praise, etc. (חִלֵּל, הִןכִּיר,
הוֺדָה, בֵּרַח, etc.):
לְשִׁמְךָ אֲוַמֵּר
2Sam 22:50
(|| אוֺדְךָ
and so very often || ׳
י) = Ps 18:50, compare
1Chr 16:10
;
1Chr 29:13;
Ps 45:18;
Isa 26:13;
1Kgs 8:33;
1Kgs 8:35 =
2Chr 6:24;
2Chr 6:26; Ps 8:2
; Ps 8:10
+; כְּבוֺד
שְׁמוֺ
׳
חָבוּלי
Ps 29:2;
Ps
96:8, and many comibinations; opposed to ׳
א
׳
חִלֵּל אֶתשֿׁ
Lev 18:21
+, ׳
י
׳
נקב שׁ
Lev 24:16
, ׳
נִאֵץ שׁ
Ps 74:10
;
Ps 74:18, etc.; הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֺרָא
׳
הַשּׁ
Deut 28:58
, compare
Neh 1:11
לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to ׳
י to act according to his character Jer 14:7;
Jer 14:21;
Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Isa
48:9;
Isa 66:5;
Ps 25:11; Ps
31:4 +; ׳
י
׳
שׁ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי
Ps 54:3 (||
בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ
), compare
Ps 124:8 of
׳
מַלְאַךָ י, ׳
י says שְׁמִי
בְּקִרְבּוֺ
Exod 23:21
(
E
); הַשֵּׁם
Lev 24:11
is probably scribal
substitution for word ׳
י (already beginning to be thought ineffable,
especially with וַיִקֹּב compare GeiUrschr.273
f.
Di
Dr-Wh
Baen); on development of this
usage, and Jewish use of ׳
הַשּׁ as personified or hypostasis, see LevyNHWB
under the word
Jastrs.see —
קָרוֺב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ
Ps 75:2 is
striking, but doubtful, <
ᵐ5
Dy
Che
Gr
Hup-Now
׳
קֹרְאֵי שׁ, Du
׳
קָרָנוּ בִשׁ (= קָרָאנוּ).
4. of false gods, use forbidden Exod 23:13 (
E
), Josh
23:7 (
R
D
), compare
Hos 2:19;
Ps 16:4speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים
Deut 18:20
׳
א
׳
קָרָא בְשׁ
1Kgs 18:24
;
1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26
׳
א
׳
יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ
Mic 4:5.
5. = memorial, monument
Isa 55:13
(|| אוֺת; so Che
Du > = fame
Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם
׳
טוֺב מִבָּנִים וגו
Isa 56:5
(with word-play on ׳
שׁ
1.c.).