BDB8367
שָׁאַל verb ask, inquire (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ša°âlu , Arabic [untranscribed source text 5363], Ethiopic [untranscribed source text 5364] Sabean מסאל request petition, HomChrest.124 Levy-OsZMG xix(1865), 165; Aramaic [untranscribed source text 5365], שְׁאֵיל; Old Aramaic Zinjirli שאל Ldzb371, Nabataean Hiph`il lend Idib.; — on ׳ שׁ compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 82 ff.); —
Qal
Perfect 3 masculine singular׳
שׁ
Judg 5:25 +,
שָׁאָ֑ל
Judg 8:26 +2 t.;
consecutive וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֺ
Num 27:21 suffix
וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consecutive Gen 32:18 (Ges«GKC:64f»§ 64f),
וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consecutive Judg 4:20 1 singular suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו
1Sam 1:20,
שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ
Judg 13:16 3
plural suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ
Ps 137:3 2
masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם
1Sam 12:13
(strike out
ᵐ5
Th
We
Dr and most), Job 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלָתֶּםֿ consecutive 1Sam 25:5, etc.;
Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁאַל
Exod 22:13 +
,etc.; Imperative
שְׁאַל
Isa 7:11 +,
שְׁאָלוּנִי
Isa 45:11 (
< תִּשְׁאְֵלוּנִי Weir Che and others), etc.;
Infinitive absolute
שָׁאוֺל
Gen 43:7 +;
construct לִשְׁאֹל
Judg 1:14 +, etc.;
Participle
active
שֹׁאֵל
2Sam 3:13 +,
feminine singular שֹׁאֶלֶת
1Kgs 2:20; 1Kgs 2:22,
masculine plural הַשֹּׁאֲלִים
1Sam 8:10
passive
שָׁאוּל
1Sam 1:28; 2Kgs 6:5 —
1.
a.
ask, ask for, accusative of thing (or person) Judg 5:25; Judg 8:26; 1Kgs 3:10; Ps 122:6
(= pray for) +; אֶתנַֿפְשׁוֺ לָמוּת
׳
שׁ
1Kgs 19:4
; Jonah 4:8,
i. e. pray for death, but Job 31:30
demand the life of another בְּאָלָה
by a curse; with ל person 1Kgs 2:22 (twice in verse) + (ל
person reflexive) 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19 +; with מִן person Judg 8:24
(accusative of cognate meaning with verb), Ezra 8:22; Zech 10:1+; followed by infinitive 1Kgs 3:11 followed by
clause מָה אֶתֶּןלָֽֿךְ׃
׳
שׁ
1Kgs 3:5 =
2Chr 1:7,
compare 2Kgs 2:9
with accusative + מֵאֵת person 1Sam 8:10; Ps 27:4(from ׳
י) +; + מֵעִם person Isa 7:11 (from ׳
י) +; with accusative of person (from whom) + of thing Ps 137:3 accusative omitted
Isa 7:12;
1Sam 12:20
; 1Kgs
2:20, with מִן person Ps 2:8 absolute Mic 7:3; Ps 105:40 (of prayer);
הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֺל
2Kgs 2:10
, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing. — 1Sam 2:20 see
Hiph`il
b. specifically ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e.
borrow (compare לָוָה, as matter of business, see Bu
1Sam
1:28
), Exod 22:13 (
E
; accusative of thing + מֵעִם person), 2Kgs 4:3 (accusative of thing + מִן
of source + ל person reflexive), 2Kgs 6:5 (passive participle absolute); so
also (according to many), with accusative of thing Exod 3:22( + מִן person), Exod 11:2
;
Exod 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת person; all
E
), — it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; passive
participle ׳
שָׁאוּל לי
1Sam 1:28
(lent, granted,) made over to
׳
י (in effect passive of Hiph`il, q. v.).
c. in weakened sense,
seek, desire (late), with accusative 2Chr 11:23; Eccl 2:10 (subject
עֵינַי); Prov 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop],
וָאָ֑יִן
and there shall be none.
2.
a.
inquire of, with accusative of person + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Gen
32:18 (
E
),
Gen
44:19 (
J
) +; with וְאָמַר
Judg 4:20
, וַיּאִמֶר, etc., Gen 24:47(
J
),
Jer
37:13 followed by וְאָמַר without accusative
of person Gen
32:30 (
J
), compare 1Sam 19:22, followed by לֵאמֹר
Josh 4:6
(
J
E
); with accusative of person + עַל of thing Neh 1:2
עַל of thing alone, Eccl 7:10 ( + מֵחָכְמָה, i. e. prompted
by wisdom); with accusative of person + of thing (about which) 2Sam 14:18; Isa
45:11 + 4 t.; accusative of person + indirect question Judg 13:6 with accusative
of person only,
Judg
8:14;
1Sam
25:8;
Deut
32:7 +, inquire of
beasts (accusative) Job 12:7 with accusative of thing only, Jer 50:5
with ל person = accusative
2Kgs 8:6
(KöSynt. § 289 h); with ל
of thing about which
Gen 26:7 (
J
),
Gen
32:30 (
J
),
Judg
13:18;
2Sam 11:7; Jer 6:16; Job 8:8, also ( +
לאמר before the inquiry) Gen 43:7 (
J
), and (followed by direct question) Deut 4:32 with ל person about
whom,
Gen 43:27 (
J
), compare phrase of greeting, אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֺם
׳
שׁ
Exod 18:7
(
E
) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare
, compare Judg 18:15; 1Sam 10:4; 1Sam 17:22; 1Sam 25:5
; 1Sam
30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֺ
ᵐ5
ᵑ6
We
Dr
HPS Bu] 2Sam 8:10; Jer 15:5; 1Chr
18:10 followed by direct question only, 1Sam 17:56; Jer 18:13 (with
ב location), followed by indirect question only (c.אִם) Jer 30:6
אֶתפִּֿי
׳
שׁ
׳
פ
Gen
24:57(
J
); absolute make inquiry
Deut
13:15 ( + דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר).
b.
inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (
JastrJBL xix (1900) 88 ff.), followed by accusative ׳
פִּי י
Josh
9:14 (
J
E
),
Isa
30:2
׳
י
Isa
65:1 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (accusative omitted),
Num 27:21 (
P
; with ל person for whom, + ב instrumental), compare
Josh 19:50 also אוֺב
׳
שׁ
Deut 18:11 (participle as substantive; JägerBAS ii. 292 compare Assyrian
maššaku ša šâ°ili
, i. e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare
JastrJBL xix (1900), 96 ff.); with
accusative of human agent 1Sam 28:16; Jer 38:14;
Jer 38:27 usually (ancient usage, chiefly Judges, Samuel) לֵאמֹר
׳
בי
׳
שׁ (בְּ perhaps originally local, so
GFM
, or instrumental), Judg 1:1; Judg 20:23;
1Sam
23:2;
1Sam 30:8;
2Sam 2:1; 2Sam 5:19 =
1Chr 14:10
לֵאמֹר omitted 1Sam 10:22 (followed by direct question),
1Sam 22:10 (ל person for whom), 1Sam 23:4; 1Sam
28:6;
2Sam 5:23 = 1Chr 14:14;
Judg 20:27
בֵּאלֹהִים
׳
שׁ
Judg
18:5;
Judg 20:18; 1Sam 14:37 (followed by direct question),
also (ל person for whom), 1Sam 22:13; 1Sam 22:15
׳
שׁ
׳
בִּדְבַר הָא
2Sam
16:23
likewise בְּעֵצוֺ
׳
שׁ
Hos
4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים
Ezek
21:26
, בָּאוֺב
1Chr
10:13
perhaps = receive as oracle
Deut 18:16 (׳
מֵעִם י, Jastrl.c.
Niph`al
ask for oneself (Ges
«GKC:51e»§ 51e), specifically ask leave of absence, with
מִן person: Perfect 3 masculine singular + Infinitive
absolute
נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל
1Sam 20:6 (followed by infinitive), 1Sam 20:28 (followed by
עַד; ? insert ל infinitive HPS
); Perfect 1 singular
נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ
Neh 13:6 (absolute).
Pi`el
1.
inquire carefully:
Imperfect 3 masculine plural +
Qal
Infinitive absolute
שָׁאוֺל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ
2Sam 20:18
(Bu
proposes
Qal
Imperfect
יִשְׁאֲלוּ), with ב location; on following
context see We
Dr
HPS
Bu.
2.
beg, practise beggary, ,Perfect 3 plural
וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consecutive)
Ps 109:10.
Hiph`il (properly let one ask
[successfully], give, or lend, on
request, then) grant, make over to (as a
favour, with or without request): Perfect 1 singular suffix
הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ
׳
לי
1Sam 1:28
I have made him over to
׳
י (compare Dr
HPS
Bu and
Qal
Passive participle, ib.); perhaps also read 3 feminine singular
׳
הִשְׁאִילָה לי
1Sam 2:20
(whom) she hath made
over to
׳
י (for ׳
שָׁאַל לי) Bu
HPS (after
ᵐ5
. in part; other conjectures in Dr
); Imperfect 3 masculine plural suffix of thing
וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם
Exod
12:36 (
E
) and they handed them over.