BDB652
אֵפוֺד (28 t.) & אֵפֹד (20 t.) noun masculine Exod 28:7 ephod (Ethiopic [untranscribed source text 358] compare Aramaic [untranscribed source text 359] id. (on meaning see Lagl.c.), perhaps also Assyrian pid , pittu ZimBP 39; on form see Ges «GKC:84a»§ 84a 12. R. but Lagl.c. compares [untranscribed source text 360], & thinks אֵפוֺד shortened from ׳ חֵשֶׁב הָא 'robe of approach' to God) — ׳ א absolute Exod 25:7 +; construct 1Sam 2:18 +; —
1.
ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle;
a. as worn by ordinary
priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1Sam 22:18
׳
נֹשֵׂא א compare 2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 1Sam 2:8
׳
חָגוּר א
girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2Sam 6:14 (id.
) 1Chr 15:27
׳
וְעַל דוד א;
b. as prescribed in
P
for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ
)threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and
gold, Exod 25:7
; Exod 28:4;
Exod 28:6; Exod 28:12;
Exod 28:15;
Exod 29:5; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27 +
17 t.
, also Lev 8:7 compare probably 1Sam 2:28 (׳
נֹשֵׂא א) 1Sam 14:3; 1Sam 21:10 (see below 2); ׳
חֵשֶׁב הָא
Exod 28:27;
Exod 28:28;
Exod 29:5; Exod 39:20;
Exod 39:21;
Lev 8:7
׳
מְעִיל הָא
Lev 29:5;
Lev 39:22
(compare Lev 8:7);
with verb עַלֿ
׳
נָתַן אֶתהָֿא
put the ephod on Aaron Lev 8:7.
2.
ephod used in consulting
׳
י
1Sam 23:6
׳
א borne in hand (read בְּיָדוֺ
׳
יָרַד וְהָא
ᵐ5
We
Dr) 1Sam 23:9; 1Sam 30:7 (twice in verse) (all with חִגִּישׁ) + 1Sam 14:18 (
הגישׁ) & 1Sam 14:18, in both read ׳
הָא for ארון & 1Sam 14:18 also נֹשֵׂא
ᵐ5
Klo
Dr;
a. according to Thes
MV
Di
Exod 28:6
and
elsewhere properly below 1
b; consultation of
׳
י in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (compare
Exod
28:28-30 & see
אוּרִים
); if so, in view of נשׂא
1Sam 2:28
; 1Sam
14:3;
1Sam 14:18 (compare above), not used elsewhere = wear
except 1Sam 22:18, & of 1Sam 23:6, the word might be used by metonymy for the
breast-piece itself;
b. others, e.g.
StaGeschichte i. 466, 471
BuRS 115 and others, think of an image representing
׳
י; compare following.
3.
a.
ephod of gold made by Gideon Judg 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Israel was ensnared;
= 2
b according to
ᵑ6
Thes ('sine controversia') Stu
and others + Sta
Bu 1.c.; originally = gold sheathing
of
an image (compare etymology above & Isa 30:22 below אֲפֻדָּה
); MV
Be
KöHauptprobleme 59 think of garment, as below
1 see above
b. made (material not given) for a private, local
sanctuary
Judg
17:5
;
Judg 18:14; Judg 18:17; Judg 18:18; Judg 18:20 (||
פֶּסֶל,
מַסֵּכָה, תְּרָפִים in all, for
ᵐ5
gives מַסֵּכָה
Judg 18:20,
omitted by HCT); compare Hos 3:4
Israel shall
abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to
Thes and others + Sta
Bu l.c. = 2
b; Stu
Be
Ry and others regard as below 1;
in view of distinction from
פסל, מסכה & תרפים it seems more
likely
that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perhaps in imitation of
Urim
& Thummim.