BDB6128
עָמַד520 take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic [untranscribed source text 3910] prop up, support, and derivatives; Ethiopic [untranscribed source text 3911] pillar; ᵑ7 עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac [untranscribed source text 3912], Palmyrene עמודא, compare also proper name תימעמד; Sabean עמד pillar, according to CISiv. 91 (or other derivatives from √ עמד DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 5), plural אעמדן pillars DHMEpigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80); —
Qal435
Perfect
׳
ע
Gen 19:27 +, 3
feminine singular עָֽמְדָה
2Kgs 13:6 +,
etc.; Imperfect
יַעֲמֹד
Exod 21:21,
יַעֲמוֺד
Nah 1:6 +,
יַעֲמָדֿ
1Sam 16:22 +; 1
singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה
Hab 2:1,
וָאֶעֱמֹד
2Sam 1:10 3
masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ
Jer 32:14 +,
יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ
Ezek 1:21 +, 2
masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן
Deut 4:11, etc.;
Imperative
עֲמֹד
1Sam 9:27 +,
עֲמָדֿ
2Sam 1:9 feminine
singular עִמְדִי
Isa 47:12;
Jer 48:19,
etc.; Infinitive absolute
עָמֹד
Esth 9:16
construct
עֲמֹד
Exod 18:23 +,
suffix עָמְדִי
Jer 18:20,
עֲמָדְךָ
Obad 1:11, etc.;
Participle
עֹמֵד
Isa 3:13 +,
feminine עֹמֶ֫דֶת
Hag 2:5 +, etc.; —
1.
a.
take one's stand, and (especially participle) stand, be in a standing attitude:
with עַל
by, 1Sam 26:13; 2Sam 2:25; 2Kgs 2:7 +, so participle Gen 18:8 (
J
), Gen
41:1; Gen 41:17 (
E
) +, עַל
on, Exod 3:5 (
E
),
Deut 27:12 +; with ב location Exod 32:26; Num 22:24; Num 22:26 (all
J
E
), +; with אֶל location 1Kgs 20:38 (+ לְ person), Jer 48:19
;
Ezek 21:26; Ezek 27:29 with אֶל person 1Sam 17:51; 2Kgs 5:25
with אֵצֶל
Gen 41:3 (
E
), Ezek
9:2;
Ezek 10:6; Neh 8:4 with לִפְנֵי
Gen 18:22
; 1Kgs
3:16; 1Kgs 8:22 +; before ׳
י, for intercession Gen 19:27 (
J
), Deut
4:10;
Jer 15:1; Jer 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing
1Sam 17:8;
1Kgs 8:55
; 2Kgs
18:28 = Isa 36:13 +; followed by infinitive 1Kgs 8:11 = 2Chr 5:14 +.
b.
stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2Kgs 10:9 +.
c.
take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Judg 6:31; Ezra
10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to KueGes. Abh. 247 f.) 2Chr 26:18 compare
עַלדַּֿם
Lev
19:16 (
H
) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; with
יָ֑חַד
Isa 50:8
together, i.e. against each other.
d.
present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gen 43:15 (
J
),
Exod 9:10 (
E
),
Num 27:2; Num 27:21 (
P
),
1Sam 16:21 +; before ׳
י (in sanctuary) Deut 19:17; Jer 7:10 compare
Jer 18:20;
Lev 9:5 (
P
); so in heaven 1Kgs 22:21 = 2Chr 18:20 with
ב location of child at birth Hos 13:13, in palace (as
retainer, courtier)
Dan 1:4
e. with לִפְנֵי
attend upon, be(come) servant of
1Sam 16:22 (see Dr), 1Kgs 1:2 +;
servant of ׳
י
1Kgs 17:1; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 5:16;
Jer 15:19 priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֺׅ
׳
לִפְנֵי י
Deut
10:8; Judg 20:28; Ezek 44:15;
2Chr 29:11 of Levites, stand before congregation for menial
duties
Ezek 44:11; Num 16:9 (
P
).
f.
stand afar מֵרָחוֺק
Exod 20:18; Exod 20:21 (
E
),
Isa 59:14; Ps 38:12, ׳
בְּר
Ps
10:1
׳
מִנֶּגֶד מֵר
2Kgs
2:7
stand aloof, מִנֶֹּגֶד
Obad 1:11; Ps 38:12.
g.
stand (silent) Job 32:16.
h.
stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read
עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me
Hi
Du).
i.
stand, subject רֶגֶל
Zech 14:4 (עַל location), Ps 122:2 (ב
location) so
Ps 26:12 (figurative).
j.
stand, of water, עַלהָֿרִים
Ps 104:6. See also prepositions אֶל
, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל
, עִם, etc.
2.
a.
stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Josh 10:13 (
J
E
; || וַיִּדֹּם), sun Josh 10:13, both, Hab 3:11 of person 1Sam 9:27
(opposed to
עָבַר), 2Sam 2:28 (opposed to רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ
Nah 2:9 +;
stop flowing (of oil) 2Kgs 4:6
remain standing, with תַּחְתֵּינוּ
Judg 7:21
;
1Sam 14:9
etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28 so (without ׳
ת) Lev 13:5; Lev 13:37 (all
P
).
b. = be inactive 2Chr 20:17 (opposed to לְהִלָּחֵם
, +
הִתְיַצְּבוּ).
c. = be attentive Job 37:14.
d.
stop, cease doing a thing 2Kgs 13:18 with מִן
Gen
29:35
;
Gen
30:9 (both
J
),
Joel 1:15.
3.
a.
tarry, delay
Gen 45:9
(
E
),
Josh 10:19 (
J
E
; opposed to רָדַף), 1Sam 20:38 (opposed to מְהֵרָה,
חוּשָׁה
), +.
b.
remain, with ב location 2Kgs 15:20; Deut 10:10 with
עִמָּדִי
Deut 5:28
(opposed to שׁוּב); + infinitive purpose Esth 7:7.
c.
continue, abide
Jer
32:14; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:27 (opposed to
אָבַד
); = dwell
Exod 8:18 (
J
; עַל location); לָעַד
Ps
19:10; Ps 111:3; Ps 111:10; Ps 112:3; Ps
112:9
לְעוֺלָם
Ps
33:11;
Eccl 1:4
בְּתוֺךְ
Hag 2:5
of plan = be established Ps 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as
Isa
14:24), so Esth 3:4; Dan 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier
קוּם
Josh
2:11
)
Eccl 2:9
לֹא יַעֲמָדבִּֿי כֹחַ
Dan
10:17.
d.
endure
Exod 18:23 (
E
), Ezek 22:14 (|| חָזַק).
e.
be steadfast
Deut 25:8;
Ruth 2:7.
f.
persist
Eccl 8:3.
4.
make a stand, hold one's ground, Amos 2:15; 2Kgs 10:4; Mal 3:2 +; with לִפְנֵי
Judg 2:14
;
2Kgs 10:4
+, בִּפְנֵי
Josh 10:8
;
Josh
21:44
(Ginsb; van d. H.
Baer Josh 21:42), Josh 23:9 (all
D
); with עַל, for one's life Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16.
5.
stand upright:
a.
remain standing
2Kgs
13:6
of head 2Kgs 6:31
remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (figurative of
endurance)
Job 8:15; Prov 12:7.
b.
stand up, opposed to sit, Neh 8:5; Job 29:8 (+
קוּם); opposed to
lie prostrate
Ezek 2:1 (עַלרַֿגְלֶיךָ), so
Ezek 37:10 (
id.), Dan 10:1, Dan 10:11 (
עַלעָֿמְדָ֑ךָ),
Esth
8:4
of revival after death Dan 12:13 (late for קוּם).
c.
stand up, rise, of water Josh 3:13 (+ appositive נֵד אֶחָד
),
Josh 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + id.
; both
J
E
).
d.
be erect, upright, of boards Exod 26:15; Exod 36:20 (
P
).
6.
a.
arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65
;
Ps 106:30
(compare
Eccl
47:1
;
Eccl
47:12
), especially Dan 8:22 (twice in verse); Dan 8:23; Dan 11:2; Dan 11:3
;
Dan 11:4
;
Dan 12:1
,
compare
Dan
11:7
(כַּנּוֺ), Dan 11:20 Dan 11:21 (עַלכַּֿנּוֺ
); with תַּחַת
instead of
Eccl
4:15
of war
1Chr
20:4, deliverance Esth 4:14.
b.
stand forth, appear = come into being Isa 48:13; Ps 33:9; Ps
119:90.
c.
rise up as foe (earlier קום
Amos
7:9
;
Gen
4:8), with עַל
against
1Chr
21:1; 2Chr 20:23; Dan 8:25; Dan 11:14, with
לְנֶגְדִּי
against
Dan
10:13.
7. rare usages are:
a.
אֶתֿ
׳
ע
stand with, as attendant, servitor Gen 45:1 (
E
), Num
1:5
(
P
).
b.
take one's stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית
2Kgs
23:3
.
c.
stand
עַלחֶֿרֶב
Ezek
33:26 (resort to the sword).
d.
stand
׳
בְּסוֺד י
Jer
23:18; Jer 23:22 (see
סוֺד
).
e.
be appointed
Ezra 10:14.
f.
stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lev 18:23
(carnal
intercourse)
g.
grow flat, insipid (Gie),
taste
of
wine Jer
48:11 (figurative of Moab), or
remain
unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3.b.). —
עָמְדִי
Dan 11:1b is corrupt, read probably
עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל
subject), join then to Dan 10:21 and strike out Dan 11:1
a; so Bev
Behrm
MartiKau.
Hiph`il83 (compare DrIntr. (6) 535
)
Perfect 3 masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד
1Kgs
12:32
+, 2 masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה
Ps 30:8
,
וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫
Num 3:6 +,
etc.,
Imperfect
יַעֲמִיד
Prov 29:4
+,
וַיַּעֲמֵד
2Kgs 8:1
+; 3
feminine singular suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי
Ezek 2:2;
Ezek 3:24
, 1
plural וַנַּעֲמִיד
Neh 4:3,
etc.;
Imperative
הַעֲמֵד
Isa 21:6
suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ
Ezek
24:11
Infinitive absolute
הַעֲמֵיד
Neh 7:3
construct
הַעֲמִיד
1Kgs 15:4
+;
Participle
מַעֲמִיד
2Chr
18:34
(but see
Hoph`al): —
1.
station, set, with accusative Judg 16:25 (בֵּין
); for
duty
Num
11:24 (
E
; סְבִיבֹת) 1Kgs 12:32 (ב
location),
2Chr
19:5 (id.), Neh 13:11(עַלֿ
עָמְדָם), Isa 21:6 + (Neh 4:7 a read perhaps
Qal, so PerlesAnal. 65
),
with עַל
against
Neh
4:3
.
2.
cause to stand firm
Ps 18:34 = 2Sam 22:34
(with
עַל location); maintain (opposed to overthrow)
Exod 9:16 (
J
), 1Kgs
15:4, compare Prov 29:4
.
3.
cause to stand up, set up, erect, with accusative +
עַלרַֿגְלַי
Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, so עַלעָֿמְדִי
Dan 8:18 temple Ezra 2:68 (עַל
location),
compare 2Chr
24:13 (על location, of
repairs);
especially doors Neh 3:1
+ 7 t. Nehemiah; Asherim 2Chr
33:19
, compare 2Chr 25:14.
4. + לִפְנֵי
present one before king Gen 47:7 (
P
), ׳
י (in sanctuary) Lev 14:11 + 3 t.
P
, + (of goat) Lev 16:7, priest Lev 27:8 + 4
t.
P
, + (of beast) Lev 27:11.
5.
appoint
Neh
7:3;
1Chr 15:17 + (late); with עַל
over
Neh 13:9 +, with infinitive purpose Neh 6:7 +, with 2
accusative
1Chr 15:16 = assign (land) to (ל)
2Chr 33:8 (|| 2Kgs 21:8
נָתַן); appoint courses of priests
2Kgs 8:14;
2Kgs 31:2, compare Neh 13:30
ordain commandments, עַל person Neh 10:33
, compare
2Chr 30:5
establish
עַדהָֿעוֺלָם
1Chr 17:14 (ב location), compare
2Chr
9:8; Ps
148:6 with accusative of covenant Ps 105:10
= 1Chr
16:17 (ל person + ל
of thing); with חָזוֺן
vision
Dan 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים
).
6. other meanings:
a.
אֶתפָּֿנָיו
׳
ע
2Kgs 8:11
have a fixed look.
b. with accusative
רַגְלַי + ב location Ps 31:9 (figurative).
c.
make to stand (in a covt.; see || 2Kgs 23:3
)
2Chr 34:32.
d.
restore waste places Ezra 9:9.
e.
+
לְפָנֶיהָ
Esth 4:5, i.e. make servant to
.
f.
cause wind to arise
Ps 107:25.
g. =
raise
an army Dan 11:11; Dan 11:13
.
—
2Chr 18:34 see
Hoph`al; Ps 30:8 see
עֹז
;
Ezek 29:7 see
מָעַד
.
Hoph`al
Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָעֳמַדֿ
Lev 16:10
be presented (of goat), + ׳
לִפְנֵי י; Participle
הָיָה מָעֳמָד
1Kgs 22:35
he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (
ב
) his chariot, so read also || 2Chr
18:34 (as
ᵐ5
), for
ᵑ0
מַעֲמִיד. — On Perfect
הָעֳמַדְתִּי see
עֹז
Ps 30:8.