BDB2188
הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except probably in so
far as the longer or shorter from was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences: on the whole
הֵמָּה (alone) is somewhat more frequently than הֵם, הָהֵם on the
contrary is said regularly, הָהֵמָּה occurring only 12 t., namely Num 9:7 (
P
), Jer
14:15;
Zech 14:15, and in the phrase בַּ(הַ)מִָים הָהֵמָּה
2Kgs 18:4; Jer 3:16; Jer 3:18; Jer 5:18; Jer 50:4; Joel 3:2; Joel 4:1; Zech 8:23; Neh 13:15,
though בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם is much more common) pronoun 3 plural masculine (הֵמָּה
used incorrectly for the feminine Zech 5:10; Ruth 1:22; Song 6:8), feminine
הֵ֫נָּה [Late Hebrew also הֵן, which occurs however in Biblical Hebrew only after
a prefix: see below 8], pronoun [3 plural]
they (Biblical Aramaic
הִמּוֺ
, q. v.;
[untranscribed source text 1320],
[untranscribed source text 1321]; Ethiopic (one form)
[untranscribed source text 1322]
[untranscribed source text 1323]
'em¥n-t¥
,
em¹n-t¥
; compare also for the dissyllabic form, the suffix
-œm¥
[feminine
-œn
]; perhaps also Assyrian suffix
šunu
,
šina
[
ni
], compare references below הוּא). In usage not different in genl. from
הוּא, הִיא (which see, under the corresponding headings, for fuller explanations),
thus: —
1.
a.
Gen 6:4; Exod 5:7
הֵם יֵָֽלְכוּ let them (emphatic) go and gather straw, Num 31:16;
Isa 24:14;
Hos 4:14; Hos 7:3 etc.; after
כִּי
Jer 5:5; Jer 34:7. (For
the
use in circumstantial clauses see Dr§ 160, 169.)
b.
Judg 1:22
ויעלו ֗֗֗ גַם הֵם, Deut 2:11 (אַף הֵם), Deut 3:20; Josh 9:4; Ezek 30:17.
c.
Exod 18:22
every small matter יִשְׁפְּטוּהֵֿם let them judge themselves, Exod 18:26;
Jer 15:19;
Jer 17:18;
Ps 109:28
;
Esth 9:1.
d.
Gen 33:6; Gen 44:3; Judg 6:5 etc.
e. compare Neh 10:38.
2.
a. (Resuming the subject with emphasis) Gen 14:24 (note accents), Deut 1:39; Ps 23:4; Ps 27:2 (accents), Ps 37:9; Ps 107:24; Ezek 36:7;
Ezek 44:15
.
b.
Isa 30:7; Ezek 27:13
;
Ezek 27:17
;
Ezek 27:21
compare Isa
44:11
.
c.
Num 14:27 a
Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19
אֲשֶׁר הֵם
מִזֶּרַע צָדוֺק, Eccl 4:2; Neh 2:13.
— הֵמָּה כִּדְוֵי לַחֻמִי
Job 6:7 read
perhaps
׳
וַהֲמָה וגו (or זָָֽהֲמָה) it is loathesome (√
זהס
).
3.
a.
Gen 3:7; Exod 5:8
כִּי נִרְפִּים הֵם for they are idle, Exod 14:3; Exod 15:23; Exod 29:33 etc. (the opposite
order rare: Num
11:16; Isa
61:9, compare
DePs 94:11).
b.
Gen 34:21;
Gen 34:23;
Gen 41:26;
Gen 48:5
שׁני בניך ֗֗֗ לִי הֵם thy two sons . . ., they are mine, Exod 32:16 + often: Isa 41:22
הָרִאשֹׁנוֺת מָה הֵנָּה, Isa 49:21
אֵלֶּה אֵיפֹה הֵם these — where were they? Zeph 2:12 after אַתֶּם, peculiarly (compare
Dr§ 198 Obs. 2).
c.
Deut 20:15
אֲשֶׁר לֹאמֵֿעָרֵי הַגֹּויִם הָאֵלֶּה הֵנָּה, Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 9:20.
d.
2Kgs 7:10
כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה. (Prov 19:7
Kt
לֹאהֵֿמָּה is probably corrupt: see Commentaries)
4.
a.
Prov 30:24
אַרְבָּעָה הֵם קְטַנֵּיאָֿ֑רֶץ four things are they, the little ones of
the
earth, Prov
30:29
(compare before a rel. clause Prov 30:15
Prov 30:18
; Prov 6:16
) Song 6:8;
Isa 51:19
שְׁתַּיִם הֵנָּה קֹרְאֹתַיִךְ, 1Chr 9:26 (see
הוא
4.a.).
b. (β) Gen 21:29
מָה הֵנָּה שֶׁבַע ֗֗֗
literally What are they — these seven sheep? Zech 1:9; Zech 4:5. (γ) אֵלֶּה ֗֗֗
הֵם
Gen 25:16
(= 1Chr
1:36)
Lev 23:2;
Num 3:20;
Num 3:21;
Num 3:27;
Num 3:33; 1Sam
4:8; 1Chr 8:6
; 1Chr
12:15 (see Dr § 201, 3).
6.
a.
In a neuter sense (rare), Job 6:7
הֵמָּה
כִּדְוֵי לַחמִי
they (i.e. such sufferings as mine) are as loathsomeness in my meat, Jer 7:4
׳
הֵיכַל י
הֵמָּה
they (i.e. these buildings) are the temple of ׳
י; and in the feminine, Lev 5:22 of all that a man doeth to sin בָּהֵנָּה
therein, 1Chr 21:10
מֵהֵנָּה (|| 2Sam 24:12
מֵהֶם); 2Sam 12:8; Job 23:14
כָּהֵנָּה things such as these.
7. With article הָהֵם,
Gen 6:4;
Exod 2:11;
Num 14:38 + often;
הָהֵמָּה 12 t. (see
above);
הָהֵנָּה
1Sam 17:28.
[Note]
N.B. — Ezek 8:6
Kt
מָהֵם stands for מָה הֵם (so
Qr
), compare מַזֶּה for מַהזֶּֿה
Exod 4:2; 2Kgs 9:18
עַדהֵֿם is irregular for עֲדֵיהֶם; 2Sam 4:6
׳
וְהֵנָּה וג is textual error for ׳
וְהִנֵּה שֹׁעֶרֶת הַבַּיִת סֹקְלָה חִטִּים וג see We
Dr (
ᵐ5
&
RVm
).
8. With prepositions. (in lieu of the normal, and more usual, forms with suffixes
בָּהֶם
,
לָהֶם,
מֵהֶם etc. [
כָּהֶם &
כָּהֶן,
however,
each once only,
כְּמוֺהֶם thrice: see
כְּ
]) —
a.
בָּהֵמָּה
Exod 30:4;
Exod 36:1
(both
P
), Hab
1:16
כָּהֵמָּה
Jer 36:32
לְהֵמָּה
Jer 14:16
מֵהֵמָּה
Jer 10:2;
Eccl 12:12
.
b.
כָּהֵם
2Sam 24:3
Yahweh
add to the people כָּהֵם וְכָהֵם מֵאָה
פְעָמִים
the like of themselves and the like of themselves 100 times, =
1Chr 21:3
(but
כָּהֵם here only once, compare Deut 1:11
בָּכֶם), 2Chr 9:11; Eccl 9:12.
c.
בָּהֵנָּה
Lev 5:22 (
P
) Num
13:19
(
J
E
) Jer
5:17
: כָּהֵנָּה
Gen 41:19
;
2Sam 12:8
וְאֹסִפָה לְךָ כָּהֵנָּה וְכָהֵנָּה, Job 23:14: לָהֵנָּה
Ezek 1:5;
Ezek 1:23
(twice
in verse); Ezek
42:9
; Zech 5:9
:
מֵהֵנָּה
Lev 4:2 (
P
)
Isa
34:16
; Jer 5:6
;
Ezek 16:51
;
Ezek 42:5
;
Ps 34:21
;
1Chr 21:10
(||
2Sam 24:12
מֵהֶם).
d.
בָּהֵן
Gen 19:29
(
P
) Gen
30:26
; Gen
30:37
; Exod
25:29
; Exod
37:16
(both
P
) Lev
10:1
;
Lev 11:21
;
Lev 14:40
;
Num 10:3;
Num 16:7
(all
P
)
Deut
28:52
; Jer 4:29
;
Jer 48:9;
Jer 51:43
(twice in verse) (בָּהֶן thrice only); כָּהֵן
Ezek 18:14
(editions; Baer
כָּהֶן); לָהֵן ( = therefore) Ruth 1:13 (twice in verse)
(also
Biblical
Aramaic); מֵהֵן
Ezek 16:47
;
Ezek 16:52
(editions; Baer
מֵהֶן). With the exception of כָּחֵנָּה, these forms are found mostly in
P
and writers not earlier than Jeremiah; b and d, however,
depend
solely on the punctuation.)
BDB4342
לָהֵן
conjunction
on this account, therefore, Ruth 1:13 (twice in verse) (either from לְ and הֵן
(see below הֵ֫מָּה); or the Aramaic לָהֵן
Dan 2:6; Dan 2:9; Dan 4:24: see the
Aramaic Lexicon)
BDB9477
הֵן
conjunction
if, whether (Biblical Hebrew
הֵן
, q. v.: Zenjirli, Egyptian Aramaic (S-CPap. A 7 +),
Palmyrene, Nabataean הן, Mandean הין
if [
ᵑ7
Onk Jon
use אם,
ᵑ7
Jer
אין, Syriac
[untranscribed source text 5998]]); —
1.
if, Dan
2:6; Dan
3:15; Dan
3:17; Dan
4:24; Dan
5:16;
Dan 5:17,
הֵן לָא ֗֗֗
Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 3:15 Dan 3:18
הֵן לָ֔א
if not.
2. repeated, הֵן ֗֗֗ הֵן
sive … sive, whether … or (compare Biblical Hebrew אִם, 1 b 1),
Ezra 7:26 (so
Palmyrene
Tariff ii.c.19
).
3. in indirect question, whether (compare אִם, 2.b.), Ezra 5:17b יִתְבַּקַּר ֗֗֗ הֵן אִיתַי ֗֗֗ . — See also
לָהֵן. p. 50, 243, 1099
הַסִּק etc., see
סלק
Haph`el
BDB9639
I. לָהֵן
conjunction
therefore (Biblical Hebrew
לָהֵן
Ruth 1:13 (twice in
verse), Aramaic of Têma להן
CISii. 113 =
Cooke195), Dan 2:6; Dan 2:9; Dan 4:24 (LambertRÉJ. 1904. 273 denies I. לָהֵן, taking
Biblical Aramaic always as = רַק).
BDB9640
II. לָהֵן
conjunction
except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew
אם לא
Gen 24:38); so
Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן
Cooke217, 219, 241
S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however
SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103;
ᵑ7
אִילָּהֵין
Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and
elsewhere); —
1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew
כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a.
except
Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b.
but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but
Ezra 5:12.
