Strong's Lexicon: H2790 חָרַשׁ

Definition / Gloss

Strong's Number:	H2790
Word:	חָרַשׁ
Part of Speech:	verb
Etymology:	a primitive root
Language:	Hebrew
Occurrences:	74
Transliteration:	charash
Phonetic Spelling/Pronunciation:	khaw-rash'
Meaning:	1. to scratch 2. (by implication) to engrave, plough 3. (hence, from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material) 4. (figuratively, in a bad sense) to devise 5. (hence, from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone 6. (hence, by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness)
KJV Renderings:	X altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace, plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue, worker.

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Brown-Driver-Briggs Enhanced

BDB3181

I. [חָרַשׁ] verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Late Hebrew id., plough, so Eth [untranscribed source text 2010] Phoenician חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, [untranscribed source text 2011] cleave, plough, Arabic [untranscribed source text 2012] plough) —

Qal Perfect חָֽרְשׁוּ Ps 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Judg 14:18; Hos 10:13 Imperfect יַחֲרשׁ Isa 28:24; Prov 20:4 יַחֲרוֺשׁ Hos 10:11+ Amos 6:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרשׁ Deut 22:10; Prov 3:29 Infinitive construct חֲרשׁ 1Sam 8:12 Participle חֹרֵשׁ Gen 4:22 + 5 t.; חוֺרֵשׁ Amos 9:13 plural חֹרְשִׁים Ps 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Job 4:8 + 3 t., feminine plural absolute חֹרְשׁוֺת Job 1:14 passive חֲרוּשָׁה Jer 17:1: —

1. cut in, engrave, of worker in metals נְחשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל ׳ ח Gen 4:22 ( J ), נחשׁת ׳ ח 1Kgs 7:14 figurative עַללֿוּחַ לִבָּם ׳ ח Jer 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.

2. plough, literally, human subject (animal usually with בְּ), no object expressed 1Kgs 19:19 ; Deut 22:10; Isa 28:24, so יַחֲרוֺשׁ בבקרים Amos 6:12 (but read probably יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, see We and others); with accusative of cognate meaning with verb חֲרִישׁוֺ ׳ ח 1Sam 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Prov 20:4 figurative of Judah Hos 10:11 with ethical reference רֶשַׁע ׳ ח Hos 10:13 (|| קצר), אָוֶן ׳ ח Job 4:8 (|| זרע, קצר); עַלגַּֿבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Ps 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figurative of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Isa 28:24; Amos 9:13 (|| קוֺצֵר); ׳ ח with oxen subject only Job 1:14.

3. devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, object רָעָה Prov 3:29, רַע Prov 6:14 מַחְשְׁבוֺת אָוֶן Prov 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁירַע Prov 12:20 ; Prov 14:22 but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֺב Prov 14:22.

Niph`al Imperfect 3 feminine singular צִיּוֺן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Mic 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jer 26:18.

Hiph`il Participle מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַלֿ 1Sam 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Dr, and compare We).

BDB3186

II. [חָרֵשׁ] verb

1. be silent, dumb, speechless;

2. be deaf; chiefly poet. (Late Hebrew Pi`el make deaf; Aramaic [untranscribed source text 2013], [untranscribed source text 2014] be dumb, deaf; Arabic [untranscribed source text 2015] be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian —arâšu , restrain, according to Dl^{Pr 100} ; see Lag^{BN 120})

—

Qal Imperfect יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Ps 50:3 2 masculine singular תֶּחֱרַשׁ Ps 28:1; Ps 83:2 תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Ps 35:22; Ps 109:1 תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Ps 39:13 3 feminine plural תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Mic 7:16 —

1. be silent, always of God's keeping silence when men pray Ps 35:22; Ps 50:3; Ps 83:2; Ps 109:1 followed by אֶלֿ Ps 39:13 .

2. be deaf, subject ׳ י, followed by מִמֶּנִּי Ps 28:1 subject אָזְנַיִם Mic 7:16.

Hiph`il Perfect חֶחֱרִשׁ Num 30:15 ; Gen 34:5 יְחֶחֱרִישׁ consecutive Num 30:5; Num 30:8 וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consecutive Num 30:12 הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Esth 7:4 + 2 t. etc.; Imperfect יַחֲרִישׁ Num 30:15 + 2 t. (including Zeph 3:17 see below); 2 masculine singular תַּחֲרִישׁ Hab 1:13 jussive תַּחְרֵשׁ 1Sam 7:8 2 masculine plural תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Job 13:5 תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Exod 14:14 , etc.; Imperative הַחֲרֵשׁ Judg 18:19 + 2 t.; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי 2Sam 13:20 הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Job 13:13 ; Isa 41:1 Infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ Num 30:15 + 2 t.; Participle מַחֲרִישׁ Gen 24:21 + 2 t. (including 1Sam 10:27 see below); מַחֲרִישִׁים 2Sam 19:11 —

1. be silent (= exhibit silence)

a. almost always of men Gen 24:21; Gen 34:5; Exod 14:14 (all J ), Judg 18:19; 2Sam 13:20; 2Sam 19:11; 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21; Jer 4:19; Job 6:24; Job 13:5 (twice in verse); Job 13:19 ; Job 33:31; Job 33:33; Prov 11:12; Prov 17:28; Ps 32:3 ; Neh 5:8 ; Esth 4:14 (twice in verse); Esth 7:4 also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ 1Sam 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, ᵐ5 Dr); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zeph 3:17 ( ᵐ5 ᵑ6 יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, see especially Buhl^ZAW see 1885, 183); ׳ ח with לְ person keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Num 30:5; Num 30:8; Num 30:12; Num 30:15 (3 t. in verse) (all P ); אלי ׳ הח Isa 41:1 pregnantly = come silently unto me; followed by מִן person cease to speak with Jer 38:27 be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by accusative בַּדָּיו ׳ אח Job 41:4 .

b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Hab 1:13; Isa 42:14 ; Ps 50:21.

2. once causative make silent, with accusative Job 11:3.

3. be deaf, shew deafness: אַלֿ תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק 1Sam 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.

Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Judg 16:2 and they kept quiet.

Other Resources

Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament
R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer, and Bruce K. Waltke

Englishman's Hebrew Concordance

חרש (ghah-rash’)

Judges 14:18

KJV: And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.

EHCC: If ye had not plowed with my =א' \

Hosea 10:13

KJV: Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

EHCC: Ye Aave plowed wickedness,

Deuteronomy 22:10

KJV: Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.

EHCC: Thow shalt vot plow with !

Psalms 28:1

KJV: A Psalm of David.Unto thee will I cry, O Lord my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit.to me: Heb. from me

EHCC: be not silent to me: 1

Psalms 35:22

KJV: This thou hast seen, O Lord: keep not silence: O Lord, be not far from me.

EHCC: Aeep not silence: O Lord, 1

Psalms 39:12

KJV: Hear my prayer, O Lord, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were.

EHCC: (13). hold not #i :6 86 my tears:

Psalms 83:1

KJV: A Song or Psalm of Asaph.Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God.of Asaph: or, for Asaph

EHCC: (2).kold not thy peace, and be

Psalms 109:1

KJV: To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise;

EHCC: Hold not thy peace, O God

Proverbs 3:29

KJV: Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.Devise…: or, Practise no evil

EHCC: Devise not evil against (marg. Practise)

Proverbs 20:4

KJV: The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing.cold: or, winter

EHCC: The sluggard will not ‘ne

Isaiah 98:24

EHCC: Doth the plowman plow all day

Hosea 10:11

KJV: And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods.her…: Heb. the beauty of her neck

EHCC: will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall

Amos 6:12

KJV: Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock:

EHCC: will (one) plow (there) with oxen?

Micah 7:16

KJV: The nations shall see and be confounded at all their might: they shall lay their hand upon their mouth, their ears shall be deaf.

EHCC: their ears shall be deaf.

Micah 19:19

EHCC: ing (with) twelve yoke (of oxen

Psalms 129:3

KJV: The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows.

EHCC: plowers plowed upon my back:

Proverbs 6:14

KJV: Frowardness is in his heart, he deviseth mischief continually; he soweth discord.soweth: Heb. casteth forth

EHCC: he deviseth mischief continually;

Proverbs 12:20

KJV: Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil: but to the counsellors of peace is joy.

EHCC: Deceit (is) in the heart of” them that

Proverbs 14:22

KJV: Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy and truth shall be to them that devise good.

EHCC: Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy

Isaiah 28:24

KJV: Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground?

EHCC: Doth the plowman plow all day

Amos 9:13

KJV: Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.soweth: Heb. draweth forthsweet: or, new

EHCC: the plowmaa shail overtake the reaper,

Jeremiah 17:1

KJV: The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars;point: Heb. nail

EHCC: graven upon the table of their heart,

Jeremiah 96:18

EHCC: Zion shall be plowed

Micah 3:12

KJV: Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.

EHCC: ahall Zion for your sake be plowed

Genesis 34:5

KJV: And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come.

EHCC: and Jacob held his peace

2 Kings 18:36

KJV: But the people held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king’s commandment was, saying, Answer him not.

EHCC: But the people held their peace,

Esther 7:4

KJV: For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king’s damage.to be destroyed…: Heb. that they should destroy, and kill, and cause to perish

EHCC: bondwomen, 7 had held my tongue,

Psalms 32:3

KJV: When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long.

EHCC: When 7 kept silence,

Psalms 50:2

KJV: Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined.

EHCC: done, and I hept silence;

Job 13:5

KJV: O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your wisdom.

EHCC: would °) agether hold your Peace ! (lit. in

Job 13:13

KJV: Hold your peace, let me alone, that I may speak, and let come on me what will.Hold…: Heb. Be silent from me

EHCC: Hold your peace, let me alone, (marg. Be

Job 33:31

KJV: Mark well, O Job, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I will speak.

EHCC: hold thy peace, and 1 will ₪ .

Isaiah 41:1

KJV: Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near together to judgment.

EHCC: Keep silence before me, O islands;

Exodus 14:14

KJV: The Lord shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace.

EHCC: ye shall hold your peace.

Numbers 30:14

KJV: But if her husband altogether hold his peace at her from day to day; then he establisheth all her vows, or all her bonds, which are upon her: he confirmeth them, because he held his peace at her in the day that he heard them.

EHCC: (15).altogether hold his peace

Nehemiah 5:8

KJV: And I said unto them, We after our ability have redeemed our brethren the Jews, which were sold unto the heathen; and will ye even sell your brethren? or shall they be sold unto us? Then held they their peace, and found nothing to answer.

EHCC: Then held they their peace,

Esther 4:14

KJV: For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place; but thou and thy father’s house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this?enlargement: Heb. respiration

EHCC: if thou altogether holdest thy peace

Job 6:24

KJV: Teach me, and I will hold my tongue: and cause me to understand wherein I have erred.

EHCC: 1 will hold my tongue:

Job 11:8

KJV: It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know?as high…: Heb. the heights of heaven

EHCC: thy lies make men hold their peace 7

Job 13:5

KJV: O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your wisdom.

EHCC: O that ye would altogether your peace!

Job 41:19

KJV: Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.

EHCC: 4(. J will not his parts,

Proverbs 11:12

KJV: He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbour: but a man of understanding holdeth his peace.void…: Heb. destitute of heart

EHCC: man of understanding holdeth his peace.

Proverbs 42:14

EHCC: 7 have been still, (and) refrained

Jeremiah 4:19

KJV: My bowels, my bowels! I am pained at my very heart; my heart maketh a noise in me; I cannot hold my peace, because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war.my very…: Heb. the walls of my heart

EHCC: 7 cannot hold my peace, .

Habakkuk 1:13

KJV: Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?iniquity: or, grievance

EHCC: holdest thy tongue when the

Zephaniah 3:17

KJV: The Lord thy God in the midst of thee is mighty; he will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing.rest: Heb. be silent

EHCC: he will rest in bis love, (marg. be silent)

Genesis 24:21

KJV: And the man wondering at her held his peace, to wit whether the Lord had made his journey prosperous or not.

EHCC: wondering at her held his peace,

Genesis 180:10

EHCC: 27. But he held his peace. (marg. was as though

Proverbs 17:28

KJV: Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: and he that shutteth his lips is esteemed a man of understanding.

EHCC: a hol, when he holdeth his peace,

Judges 16:2

KJV: And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.quiet: Heb. silence

EHCC: and were quiet all the night, (marg. silent)

Strong's Lexicon

H2790 — חָרַשׁ