Figures of Speech in the Bible

Metaphor in the Bible

A metaphor describes one thing as another to make a point by representation.

Simple definition

A metaphor describes one thing as another to make a point by representation.

Technical nameMetaphor
Alternate namesComparison by representation
Reader categoryComparison
Bullinger classFigures involving change
Source hintBullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Examples on page30

Technical definition

A comparison by representation in which one thing is directly identified with another, while the context determines the intended correspondence and limits the comparison.

Publication note: Examples are curated from the final Wave 46 source state. Some examples carry review notes where final Bible-text stream verification may still be prudent before public release.

Scripture examples

These examples show how Metaphor functions in biblical language, rhetoric, poetry, prophecy, narrative, or theological imagery.

Ps. 23:1
certain

The LORD is my shepherd

The LORD is represented as shepherd to teach His care, guidance, provision, and protection.

Source: Bullinger PDF — Bullinger, Metaphor section
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Isa. 40:6
certain

all flesh is grass

Human frailty is represented as grass: living, temporary, and soon withering.

Source: Bullinger PDF — Bullinger, Metaphor section
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Ps. 18:2
certain

rock, fortress, deliverer

David represents the LORD through multiple protection metaphors.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Ps. 84:11
certain

sun and shield

The LORD is represented as the source of light/blessing and protection.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Ps. 119:105
certain

lamp... light

God’s word is represented as light that guides the path.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Prov. 18:10
certain

strong tower

The name of the LORD is represented as a tower of refuge.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Isa. 5:7
certain

vineyard... house of Israel

The vineyard is identified as Israel/Judah, making the figure explicit in the text.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Jer. 2:13
certain

fountain... broken cisterns

The LORD is represented as living water, while idols are broken containers that cannot satisfy.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 6:35
certain

I am the bread of life

Jesus represents Himself as the life-giving bread that truly satisfies.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 8:12
certain

light of the world

Jesus represents Himself as the light that gives life and reveals the true way.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 10:7-9
certain

I am the door

Jesus represents Himself as the entrance to salvation and safety.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 10:11
certain

I am the good shepherd

Jesus represents Himself as the shepherd who gives His life for the sheep.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 14:6
certain

the way, the truth, and the life

Jesus represents Himself as the exclusive way to the Father and the embodiment/source of truth and life.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
John 15:1-5
certain

true vine

Jesus represents Himself as the vine from whom the branches receive life and fruitfulness.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
1 Cor. 3:9
certain

God's field, God's building

The church is represented through agricultural and architectural metaphors.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
1 Cor. 12:27
certain

body of Christ

The church is represented as Christ’s body to teach unity, diversity, and organic relation.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Eph. 6:17
certain

sword of the Spirit

The word of God is represented as the Spirit’s sword in spiritual conflict.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Heb. 12:29
certain

God is a consuming fire

God is represented as consuming fire to emphasize His holiness and judgment.

Source: Own analysis — Original analysis for pilot page
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Rev. 5:8
certain

incense... prayers

The incense is interpreted as the prayers of the saints, making the representative meaning explicit.

Source: Bullinger PDF — Bullinger, Metaphor section
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Rev. 17:9
probable

heads are mountains

The text explicitly interprets visionary imagery by representation.

Source: Bullinger PDF — Bullinger, Metaphor section
Verify against final site Bible text stream before publication.
Gen. 49:9
certain

Judah is a lion's cub

Judah is represented as a lion to express royal strength and dominance.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Ps. 27:1
certain

The LORD is my light and my salvation

The LORD is represented as light and salvation to express revelation, deliverance, and security.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Ps. 91:4
certain

shield and buckler

God's faithfulness is represented as defensive armor.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Prov. 13:14
certain

the teaching of the wise is a fountain of life

Wise instruction is represented as a life-giving fountain.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Isa. 9:2
probable

light has shined

Deliverance is represented as light breaking into darkness.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Matt. 5:13
certain

you are the salt of the earth

Jesus represents His disciples as salt, emphasizing preserving and distinctive witness.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Matt. 5:14
certain

you are the light of the world

Jesus represents His disciples as light that visibly bears witness.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
Matt. 13:38
certain

the field is the world

Jesus explicitly identifies the field representationally in the parable explanation.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
2 Cor. 3:3
certain

letter from Christ

Believers are represented as Christ's letter known and read by others.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.
1 Pet. 2:5
certain

living stones

Believers are represented as stones being built into a spiritual house.

Source: Curated Scripture review + Bullinger section/cross-reference where applicable — Bullinger PDF pp. 728-729; web lines 21739-21752 and 21801-21802.
Wave 4 promoted/added example; final Bible text stream link check still required.

Machine-readable data

This page has a paired JSON sidecar for indexing, reuse, and structured-data workflows.

View JSON Data

← Simile All figures Hyperbole →

↑ Top