{ "schemaVersion": 1, "lastUpdated": "2026-06-14", "title": "Bible Weights and Measures Conversion Tables", "status": "starter_reference_tables", "sectionCount": 5, "itemCount": 36, "sections": [ { "id": "weights-money", "title": "Weights, Money, and Coins", "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/units/weights-money.json", "itemCount": 10, "items": [ { "id": "gerah", "name": "Gerah", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Small Hebrew weight / money reckoning", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "גֵּרָה", "transliteration": "gērāh", "strongs": "H1626" } ], "shortDefinition": "A small Hebrew weight, commonly treated as one twentieth of a shekel.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "grams": 0.57, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 0.57 g", "imperialApprox": "about 0.020 oz", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "legal", "temple", "ransom" ], "relatedItems": [ "shekel" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 30:13", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 30, "verse": 13, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/30/#exodus-30-13", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "legal", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Leviticus 27:25", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 27, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/27/#leviticus-27-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "legal", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Numbers 3:47", "book": "Numbers", "chapter": 3, "verse": 47, "netUrl": "/bible/net/numbers/3/#numbers-3-47", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ransom", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:12", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 12, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-12", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [ "Useful for understanding the internal shekel scale." ], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/gerah/" }, { "id": "beka", "name": "Beka", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Half-shekel weight", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "בֶּקַע", "transliteration": "beqaʿ", "strongs": "H1235" } ], "shortDefinition": "A half-shekel weight used in sanctuary/ransom contexts.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "grams": 5.7, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 5.7 g", "imperialApprox": "about 0.20 oz", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "temple", "ransom" ], "relatedItems": [ "shekel", "gerah" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Genesis 24:22", "book": "Genesis", "chapter": 24, "verse": 22, "netUrl": "/bible/net/genesis/24/#genesis-24-22", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Exodus 38:26", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 38, "verse": 26, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/38/#exodus-38-26", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ransom", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/beka/" }, { "id": "shekel", "name": "Shekel", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Primary Hebrew weight / money reckoning", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "שֶׁקֶל", "transliteration": "sheqel", "strongs": "H8255" } ], "shortDefinition": "A standard Hebrew weight, often used for silver or gold reckoning before later coinage.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "grams": 11.4, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 11.4 g", "imperialApprox": "about 0.40 oz", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "commercial", "legal", "temple", "ransom", "tribute" ], "relatedItems": [ "gerah", "beka", "mina", "talent" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Genesis 23:15", "book": "Genesis", "chapter": 23, "verse": 15, "netUrl": "/bible/net/genesis/23/#genesis-23-15", "occurrenceType": "translation_occurrence", "usageType": "commercial", "note": "NET renders “pieces of silver”; KJV/other versions may use shekels. Verify by source text.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Exodus 30:13", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 30, "verse": 13, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/30/#exodus-30-13", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ransom", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Leviticus 27:25", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 27, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/27/#leviticus-27-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "legal", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Numbers 3:47", "book": "Numbers", "chapter": 3, "verse": 47, "netUrl": "/bible/net/numbers/3/#numbers-3-47", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ransom", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "1 Samuel 17:5", "book": "1 Samuel", "chapter": 17, "verse": 5, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-samuel/17/#1-samuel-17-5", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "military", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "2 Samuel 14:26", "book": "2 Samuel", "chapter": 14, "verse": 26, "netUrl": "/bible/net/2-samuel/14/#2-samuel-14-26", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Nehemiah 10:32", "book": "Nehemiah", "chapter": 10, "verse": 32, "netUrl": "/bible/net/nehemiah/10/#nehemiah-10-32", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:12", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 12, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-12", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [ "In many OT contexts, a shekel is a weight of metal rather than a minted coin." ], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/shekel/" }, { "id": "pim", "name": "Pim", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Obscure small weight", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "פִּים", "transliteration": "pîm", "strongs": "H6310" } ], "shortDefinition": "An obscure weight connected with sharpening charges in 1 Samuel 13:21.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "grams": 7.6, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "commonly estimated around two-thirds of a shekel", "imperialApprox": "about 0.27 oz", "certainty": "debated", "certaintyNote": "The exact value is debated; use as a study note rather than a firm conversion.", "usageTypes": [ "commercial" ], "relatedItems": [ "shekel" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "1 Samuel 13:21", "book": "1 Samuel", "chapter": 13, "verse": 21, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-samuel/13/#1-samuel-13-21", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "commercial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/pim/" }, { "id": "mina", "name": "Mina / Maneh", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Large Hebrew/Greek weight or money reckoning", "language": [ "Hebrew", "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "מָנֶה", "transliteration": "māneh", "strongs": "H4488" }, { "term": "μνᾶ", "transliteration": "mna", "strongs": "G3414" } ], "shortDefinition": "A larger weight or money unit, with values varying by period and standard.", "system": "Hebrew/Greek", "conversion": { "grams": 570, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 570 g if reckoned as 50 shekels; Ezekiel 45:12 points to a 60-shekel reckoning", "imperialApprox": "about 1.26 lb", "certainty": "debated", "certaintyNote": "The mina/maneh varies; calculators use a default that can be revised.", "usageTypes": [ "commercial", "prophetic", "parable" ], "relatedItems": [ "shekel", "talent" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:12", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 12, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-12", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Luke 19:13", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 19, "verse": 13, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/19/#luke-19-13", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/mina/" }, { "id": "talent", "name": "Talent", "aliases": [], "category": "Weight", "subCategory": "Very large weight / money reckoning", "language": [ "Hebrew", "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "כִּכָּר", "transliteration": "kikkār", "strongs": "H3603" }, { "term": "τάλαντον", "transliteration": "talanton", "strongs": "G5007" } ], "shortDefinition": "A very large weight or monetary reckoning unit.", "system": "Hebrew/Greek", "conversion": { "grams": 34200, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 34.2 kg if reckoned as 3,000 shekels of 11.4 g", "imperialApprox": "about 75.4 lb", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Derived from a common shekel estimate; values vary by standard.", "usageTypes": [ "temple", "royal", "commercial", "parable" ], "relatedItems": [ "shekel", "mina" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 25:39", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 25, "verse": 39, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/25/#exodus-25-39", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "1 Kings 10:14", "book": "1 Kings", "chapter": 10, "verse": 14, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-kings/10/#1-kings-10-14", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "royal", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "2 Kings 5:5", "book": "2 Kings", "chapter": 5, "verse": 5, "netUrl": "/bible/net/2-kings/5/#2-kings-5-5", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Matthew 18:24", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 18, "verse": 24, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/18/#matthew-18-24", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Matthew 25:15", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 25, "verse": 15, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/25/#matthew-25-15", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 16:21", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 16, "verse": 21, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/16/#revelation-16-21", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "judgment", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/talent/" }, { "id": "denarius", "name": "Denarius", "aliases": [], "category": "Money", "subCategory": "Roman silver coin / day-wage comparison", "language": [ "Greek/Latin" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "δηνάριον", "transliteration": "dēnarion", "strongs": "G1220" } ], "shortDefinition": "A Roman silver coin frequently used in NT economic and parable contexts.", "system": "Roman", "conversion": { "grams": 3.9, "metalDefault": "silver", "wageDays": 1 }, "metricApprox": "about one day wage in many Gospel contexts; silver weight varied", "imperialApprox": "about 0.14 oz silver", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Purchasing-power comparison and metal value are different calculations.", "usageTypes": [ "wage", "tax", "parable", "commercial" ], "relatedItems": [ "drachma", "assarion", "lepton" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 20:2", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 20, "verse": 2, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/20/#matthew-20-2", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable/wage", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Matthew 22:19", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 22, "verse": 19, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/22/#matthew-22-19", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "tax", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Mark 6:37", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 6, "verse": 37, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/6/#mark-6-37", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "commercial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Luke 10:35", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 10, "verse": 35, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/10/#luke-10-35", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 6:6", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 6, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/6/#revelation-6-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "judgment", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/denarius/" }, { "id": "drachma", "name": "Drachma", "aliases": [], "category": "Money", "subCategory": "Greek silver coin", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "δραχμή", "transliteration": "drachmē", "strongs": "G1406" } ], "shortDefinition": "A Greek silver coin, important in Luke 15 and related monetary contexts.", "system": "Greek", "conversion": { "grams": 4.3, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 4.3 g silver in common approximations", "imperialApprox": "about 0.15 oz silver", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "parable", "commercial" ], "relatedItems": [ "didrachma", "stater", "denarius" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Luke 15:8", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 15, "verse": 8, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/15/#luke-15-8", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Luke 15:9", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 15, "verse": 9, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/15/#luke-15-9", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/drachma/" }, { "id": "stater", "name": "Stater", "aliases": [], "category": "Money", "subCategory": "Greek coin used in temple-tax context", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "στατήρ", "transliteration": "statēr", "strongs": "G4715" } ], "shortDefinition": "A coin in Matthew 17:27, commonly associated with the four-drachma coin sufficient for two temple-tax payments.", "system": "Greek", "conversion": { "grams": 17.2, "metalDefault": "silver" }, "metricApprox": "about 17.2 g if reckoned as four drachmas", "imperialApprox": "about 0.61 oz silver", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "tax", "narrative" ], "relatedItems": [ "drachma", "didrachma" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 17:27", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 17, "verse": 27, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/17/#matthew-17-27", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "tax", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/stater/" }, { "id": "lepton", "name": "Lepton / Mite", "aliases": [], "category": "Money", "subCategory": "Very small Jewish bronze/copper coin", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "λεπτόν", "transliteration": "lepton", "strongs": "G3016" } ], "shortDefinition": "A very small coin, known from the widow’s offering.", "system": "Greek/Jewish", "conversion": { "grams": null, "metalDefault": "bronze" }, "metricApprox": "very small copper/bronze coin; not useful for firm metal-value calculation", "imperialApprox": "very small coin", "certainty": "low", "certaintyNote": "Coin weight and composition vary; treat as explanatory rather than precise.", "usageTypes": [ "offering", "narrative" ], "relatedItems": [ "quadrans" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Mark 12:42", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 12, "verse": 42, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/12/#mark-12-42", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "offering", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Luke 21:2", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 21, "verse": 2, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/21/#luke-21-2", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "offering", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": false, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/lepton/" } ] }, { "id": "dry-measures", "title": "Dry Measures", "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/units/dry-measures.json", "itemCount": 6, "items": [ { "id": "omer", "name": "Omer", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Small dry measure / manna measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "עֹמֶר", "transliteration": "ʿōmer", "strongs": "H6016" } ], "shortDefinition": "A dry measure associated with manna; one tenth of an ephah.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 2.2 }, "metricApprox": "about 2.2 L", "imperialApprox": "about 2.3 qt", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "food", "wilderness" ], "relatedItems": [ "ephah" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 16:16", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 16, "verse": 16, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/16/#exodus-16-16", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "food", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Exodus 16:36", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 16, "verse": 36, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/16/#exodus-16-36", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "definition", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/omer/" }, { "id": "ephah", "name": "Ephah", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Grain/flour measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "אֵיפָה", "transliteration": "ʾēphāh", "strongs": "H374" } ], "shortDefinition": "A major Hebrew dry measure used for grain and flour.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 22 }, "metricApprox": "about 22 L", "imperialApprox": "about 0.62 bushels", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "agricultural", "commercial", "sacrificial", "prophetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "omer", "seah", "homer", "kor" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 16:36", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 16, "verse": 36, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/16/#exodus-16-36", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "definition", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Leviticus 5:11", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 5, "verse": 11, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/5/#leviticus-5-11", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "sacrificial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ruth 2:17", "book": "Ruth", "chapter": 2, "verse": 17, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ruth/2/#ruth-2-17", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "agricultural", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Zechariah 5:6", "book": "Zechariah", "chapter": 5, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/zechariah/5/#zechariah-5-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prophetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [ "The ephah is a dry volume measure, not a weight." ], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/ephah/" }, { "id": "seah", "name": "Seah / Measure", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Intermediate dry measure", "language": [ "Hebrew", "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "סְאָה", "transliteration": "seʾāh", "strongs": "H5429" }, { "term": "σάτον", "transliteration": "saton", "strongs": "G4568" } ], "shortDefinition": "A dry measure, often rendered “measure” in English versions.", "system": "Hebrew/Greek", "conversion": { "litres": 7.33 }, "metricApprox": "about 7.33 L", "imperialApprox": "about 7.75 qt", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "domestic", "parable", "food" ], "relatedItems": [ "ephah" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Genesis 18:6", "book": "Genesis", "chapter": 18, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/genesis/18/#genesis-18-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "domestic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Matthew 13:33", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 13, "verse": 33, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/13/#matthew-13-33", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Luke 13:21", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 13, "verse": 21, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/13/#luke-13-21", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/seah/" }, { "id": "homer", "name": "Homer", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Large dry measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "חֹמֶר", "transliteration": "ḥōmer", "strongs": "H2563" } ], "shortDefinition": "A large dry measure, commonly reckoned as ten ephahs.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 220 }, "metricApprox": "about 220 L if 10 ephahs", "imperialApprox": "about 6.24 bushels", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "agricultural", "commercial", "prophetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "ephah", "kor" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Leviticus 27:16", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 27, "verse": 16, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/27/#leviticus-27-16", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "land/agricultural", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Hosea 3:2", "book": "Hosea", "chapter": 3, "verse": 2, "netUrl": "/bible/net/hosea/3/#hosea-3-2", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "commercial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:11", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 11, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-11", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "standard", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/homer/" }, { "id": "cab", "name": "Cab", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Small dry measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "קַב", "transliteration": "qab", "strongs": "H6894" } ], "shortDefinition": "A small dry measure mentioned in a famine-price context.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 1.22 }, "metricApprox": "about 1.22 L", "imperialApprox": "about 1.29 qt", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "famine", "commercial" ], "relatedItems": [ "seah", "ephah" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "2 Kings 6:25", "book": "2 Kings", "chapter": 6, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/2-kings/6/#2-kings-6-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "famine", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/cab/" }, { "id": "choinix", "name": "Choinix", "aliases": [], "category": "Dry measure", "subCategory": "Greek dry measure / ration", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "χοῖνιξ", "transliteration": "choinix", "strongs": "G5518" } ], "shortDefinition": "A Greek dry measure used in Revelation 6:6 in a judgment/famine-price context.", "system": "Greek", "conversion": { "litres": 1.1 }, "metricApprox": "about 1.1 L", "imperialApprox": "about 1.16 qt", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "judgment", "famine", "commercial" ], "relatedItems": [ "denarius" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Revelation 6:6", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 6, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/6/#revelation-6-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "judgment", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/choinix/" } ] }, { "id": "liquid-measures", "title": "Liquid Measures", "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/units/liquid-measures.json", "itemCount": 4, "items": [ { "id": "log", "name": "Log", "aliases": [], "category": "Liquid measure", "subCategory": "Small liquid measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "לֹג", "transliteration": "log", "strongs": "H3849" } ], "shortDefinition": "A small liquid measure used in ritual contexts.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 0.3 }, "metricApprox": "about 0.3 L", "imperialApprox": "about 0.32 qt", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "sacrificial", "ritual" ], "relatedItems": [ "hin" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Leviticus 14:10", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 14, "verse": 10, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/14/#leviticus-14-10", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ritual", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Leviticus 14:21", "book": "Leviticus", "chapter": 14, "verse": 21, "netUrl": "/bible/net/leviticus/14/#leviticus-14-21", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ritual", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/log/" }, { "id": "hin", "name": "Hin", "aliases": [], "category": "Liquid measure", "subCategory": "Oil/wine offering measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "הִין", "transliteration": "hîn", "strongs": "H1969" } ], "shortDefinition": "A liquid measure used especially for oil and wine in offerings.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 3.7 }, "metricApprox": "about 3.7 L", "imperialApprox": "about 0.98 gal", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "sacrificial", "temple" ], "relatedItems": [ "log", "bath" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 29:40", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 29, "verse": 40, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/29/#exodus-29-40", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "sacrificial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Numbers 15:4", "book": "Numbers", "chapter": 15, "verse": 4, "netUrl": "/bible/net/numbers/15/#numbers-15-4", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "sacrificial", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:24", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 24, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-24", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/hin/" }, { "id": "bath", "name": "Bath", "aliases": [], "category": "Liquid measure", "subCategory": "Large liquid measure", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "בַּת", "transliteration": "bath", "strongs": "H1324" } ], "shortDefinition": "A larger liquid measure used for oil, water, and temple/royal contexts.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "litres": 22 }, "metricApprox": "about 22 L", "imperialApprox": "about 5.8 US gal", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "temple", "commercial", "royal" ], "relatedItems": [ "hin", "kor", "ephah" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "1 Kings 7:26", "book": "1 Kings", "chapter": 7, "verse": 26, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-kings/7/#1-kings-7-26", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Isaiah 5:10", "book": "Isaiah", "chapter": 5, "verse": 10, "netUrl": "/bible/net/isaiah/5/#isaiah-5-10", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "judgment", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Ezekiel 45:11", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 45, "verse": 11, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/45/#ezekiel-45-11", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "standard", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/bath/" }, { "id": "metretes", "name": "Metretēs / Firkin", "aliases": [], "category": "Liquid measure", "subCategory": "Greek liquid measure", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "μετρητής", "transliteration": "metrētēs", "strongs": "G3355" } ], "shortDefinition": "A large liquid measure used of the water jars in John 2.", "system": "Greek", "conversion": { "litres": 39.5 }, "metricApprox": "about 39.5 L per metretēs/firkin in common estimate", "imperialApprox": "about 10.4 US gal", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "narrative" ], "relatedItems": [ "jar", "water", "wine" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "John 2:6", "book": "John", "chapter": 2, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/john/2/#john-2-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/metretes/" } ] }, { "id": "length-distance", "title": "Length and Distance", "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/units/length-distance.json", "itemCount": 8, "items": [ { "id": "handbreadth", "name": "Handbreadth", "aliases": [], "category": "Length", "subCategory": "Body-based small length", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "טֹפַח", "transliteration": "ṭōphaḥ", "strongs": "H2947" } ], "shortDefinition": "A small body-based length measure.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "metres": 0.076 }, "metricApprox": "about 7.6 cm", "imperialApprox": "about 3 in", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "architecture", "poetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "span", "cubit" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 25:25", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 25, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/25/#exodus-25-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "tabernacle", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Psalm 39:5", "book": "Psalm", "chapter": 39, "verse": 5, "netUrl": "/bible/net/psalm/39/#psalm-39-5", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "poetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/handbreadth/" }, { "id": "span", "name": "Span", "aliases": [], "category": "Length", "subCategory": "Body-based length", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "זֶרֶת", "transliteration": "zeret", "strongs": "H2239" } ], "shortDefinition": "The span of the hand, often treated as half a cubit.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "metres": 0.228 }, "metricApprox": "about 22.8 cm", "imperialApprox": "about 9 in", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "tabernacle", "poetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "cubit", "handbreadth" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 28:16", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 28, "verse": 16, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/28/#exodus-28-16", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "tabernacle", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Isaiah 40:12", "book": "Isaiah", "chapter": 40, "verse": 12, "netUrl": "/bible/net/isaiah/40/#isaiah-40-12", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "poetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/span/" }, { "id": "cubit", "name": "Cubit", "aliases": [], "category": "Length", "subCategory": "Primary biblical length measure", "language": [ "Hebrew", "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "אַמָּה", "transliteration": "ʾammāh", "strongs": "H520" }, { "term": "πῆχυς", "transliteration": "pēchys", "strongs": "G4083" } ], "shortDefinition": "A standard length from elbow to fingertip, used heavily in construction and dimensions.", "system": "Hebrew/Greek", "conversion": { "metres": 0.456 }, "metricApprox": "about 45.6 cm by common estimate", "imperialApprox": "about 18 in", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "The exact cubit standard varies; long-cubit contexts need separate handling.", "usageTypes": [ "architecture", "temple", "ark", "prophetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "span", "handbreadth", "long-cubit", "reed" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Genesis 6:15", "book": "Genesis", "chapter": 6, "verse": 15, "netUrl": "/bible/net/genesis/6/#genesis-6-15", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "ark", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Exodus 25:10", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 25, "verse": 10, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/25/#exodus-25-10", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "tabernacle", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "1 Kings 6:2", "book": "1 Kings", "chapter": 6, "verse": 2, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-kings/6/#1-kings-6-2", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Matthew 6:27", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 6, "verse": 27, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/6/#matthew-6-27", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "teaching", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 21:17", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 21, "verse": 17, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/21/#revelation-21-17", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prophetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/cubit/" }, { "id": "long-cubit", "name": "Long Cubit", "aliases": [], "category": "Length", "subCategory": "Cubit plus a handbreadth", "language": [ "Hebrew" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "אַמָּה וָטֹפַח", "transliteration": "ʾammāh wāṭōphaḥ", "strongs": "H520/H2947" } ], "shortDefinition": "A longer cubit, especially important in Ezekiel’s temple vision.", "system": "Hebrew", "conversion": { "metres": 0.525 }, "metricApprox": "about 52.5 cm by common estimate", "imperialApprox": "about 20.7 in", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "temple", "prophetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "cubit", "reed" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Ezekiel 40:5", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 40, "verse": 5, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/40/#ezekiel-40-5", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/long-cubit/" }, { "id": "reed", "name": "Measuring Reed", "aliases": [], "category": "Length", "subCategory": "Measuring rod/reed", "language": [ "Hebrew", "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "קָנֶה", "transliteration": "qāneh", "strongs": "H7070" }, { "term": "κάλαμος", "transliteration": "kalamos", "strongs": "G2563" } ], "shortDefinition": "A measuring reed/rod used in temple and prophetic measurement scenes.", "system": "Hebrew/Greek", "conversion": { "metres": 3.15 }, "metricApprox": "about 3.15 m if six long cubits", "imperialApprox": "about 10.3 ft", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "temple", "prophetic" ], "relatedItems": [ "long-cubit", "cubit" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Ezekiel 40:5", "book": "Ezekiel", "chapter": 40, "verse": 5, "netUrl": "/bible/net/ezekiel/40/#ezekiel-40-5", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "temple", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 11:1", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 11, "verse": 1, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/11/#revelation-11-1", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prophetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 21:15", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 21, "verse": 15, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/21/#revelation-21-15", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prophetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/reed/" }, { "id": "stadion", "name": "Stadion / Furlong", "aliases": [], "category": "Distance", "subCategory": "Greek/Roman distance measure", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "στάδιον", "transliteration": "stadion", "strongs": "G4712" } ], "shortDefinition": "A Greek distance measure often rendered furlong/stadium.", "system": "Greek/Roman", "conversion": { "metres": 185 }, "metricApprox": "about 185 m", "imperialApprox": "about 607 ft", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "distance", "prophetic", "narrative" ], "relatedItems": [ "mile" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Luke 24:13", "book": "Luke", "chapter": 24, "verse": 13, "netUrl": "/bible/net/luke/24/#luke-24-13", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "distance", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "John 6:19", "book": "John", "chapter": 6, "verse": 19, "netUrl": "/bible/net/john/6/#john-6-19", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "distance", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Revelation 14:20", "book": "Revelation", "chapter": 14, "verse": 20, "netUrl": "/bible/net/revelation/14/#revelation-14-20", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prophetic", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/stadion/" }, { "id": "mile", "name": "Mile", "aliases": [], "category": "Distance", "subCategory": "Roman mile", "language": [ "Greek/Latin" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "μίλιον", "transliteration": "milion", "strongs": "G3400" } ], "shortDefinition": "A Roman mile, used in Jesus’ teaching about going the second mile.", "system": "Roman", "conversion": { "metres": 1480 }, "metricApprox": "about 1.48 km", "imperialApprox": "about 0.92 modern miles", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "teaching", "travel" ], "relatedItems": [ "stadion" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 5:41", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 5, "verse": 41, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/5/#matthew-5-41", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "teaching", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/mile/" }, { "id": "fathom", "name": "Fathom", "aliases": [], "category": "Depth", "subCategory": "Maritime depth measure", "language": [ "Greek" ], "originalTerms": [ { "term": "ὀργυιά", "transliteration": "orguia", "strongs": "G3712" } ], "shortDefinition": "A depth measure used by sailors in Acts 27.", "system": "Greek", "conversion": { "metres": 1.83 }, "metricApprox": "about 1.83 m", "imperialApprox": "about 6 ft", "certainty": "medium", "certaintyNote": "Ancient values are approximate and may vary by period, region, or scholarly reconstruction.", "usageTypes": [ "maritime" ], "relatedItems": [ "ship", "sounding" ], "verses": [ { "reference": "Acts 27:28", "book": "Acts", "chapter": 27, "verse": 28, "netUrl": "/bible/net/acts/27/#acts-27-28", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "maritime", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "studyNotes": [], "translationNotes": [], "calculatorSupport": true, "lastReviewed": "2026-06-14", "reviewStatus": "starter", "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/fathom/" } ] }, { "id": "time-watches", "title": "Time, Hours, and Watches", "source": "/data/bible-everyday-life/units/time-watches.json", "itemCount": 8, "items": [ { "id": "third-hour", "name": "Third Hour", "category": "Hour", "approx": "about 9:00 am", "description": "Daylight hour counted approximately from sunrise.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Mark 15:25", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 15, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/15/#mark-15-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "crucifixion", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/third-hour/" }, { "id": "sixth-hour", "name": "Sixth Hour", "category": "Hour", "approx": "about noon", "description": "Daylight hour counted approximately from sunrise.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 27:45", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 27, "verse": 45, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/27/#matthew-27-45", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "crucifixion", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "John 4:6", "book": "John", "chapter": 4, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/john/4/#john-4-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/sixth-hour/" }, { "id": "ninth-hour", "name": "Ninth Hour", "category": "Hour", "approx": "about 3:00 pm", "description": "Daylight hour counted approximately from sunrise; also associated with prayer.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 27:46", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 27, "verse": 46, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/27/#matthew-27-46", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "crucifixion", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Acts 3:1", "book": "Acts", "chapter": 3, "verse": 1, "netUrl": "/bible/net/acts/3/#acts-3-1", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "prayer", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/ninth-hour/" }, { "id": "eleventh-hour", "name": "Eleventh Hour", "category": "Hour", "approx": "about 5:00 pm", "description": "Late in the workday in the labourers in the vineyard parable.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 20:6", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 20, "verse": 6, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/20/#matthew-20-6", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "parable", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/eleventh-hour/" }, { "id": "middle-watch", "name": "Middle Watch", "category": "Watch", "approx": "middle portion of the night in OT watch reckoning", "description": "OT night watch language, not identical to later Roman four-watch reckoning.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Judges 7:19", "book": "Judges", "chapter": 7, "verse": 19, "netUrl": "/bible/net/judges/7/#judges-7-19", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "military", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/middle-watch/" }, { "id": "morning-watch", "name": "Morning Watch", "category": "Watch", "approx": "last portion of the night before dawn", "description": "OT night watch language associated with the final watch before morning.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Exodus 14:24", "book": "Exodus", "chapter": 14, "verse": 24, "netUrl": "/bible/net/exodus/14/#exodus-14-24", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "deliverance", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "1 Samuel 11:11", "book": "1 Samuel", "chapter": 11, "verse": 11, "netUrl": "/bible/net/1-samuel/11/#1-samuel-11-11", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "military", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/morning-watch/" }, { "id": "fourth-watch", "name": "Fourth Watch", "category": "Watch", "approx": "about 3:00 am–6:00 am", "description": "Roman four-watch reckoning in the NT.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Matthew 14:25", "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 14, "verse": 25, "netUrl": "/bible/net/matthew/14/#matthew-14-25", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Mark 6:48", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 6, "verse": 48, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/6/#mark-6-48", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/fourth-watch/" }, { "id": "cockcrow", "name": "Cockcrow / Rooster-crowing", "category": "Watch/time marker", "approx": "late night / early morning marker", "description": "Time marker in Gospel passion narratives.", "verses": [ { "reference": "Mark 13:35", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 13, "verse": 35, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/13/#mark-13-35", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "watch", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" }, { "reference": "Mark 14:72", "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 72, "netUrl": "/bible/net/mark/14/#mark-14-72", "occurrenceType": "direct_occurrence", "usageType": "narrative", "note": "Starter/candidate reference pending full lexical verification.", "reviewStatus": "candidate" } ], "url": "/bible-everyday-life/weights-measures-money-time/cockcrow/" } ] } ], "reviewNote": "Ancient values are approximate. These tables are reference aids built from the current Bible Everyday Life unit JSON files." }