{
  "id": "dict_002642",
  "term": "Idumea",
  "slug": "idumea",
  "letter": "I",
  "entry_type": "biblical_place",
  "entry_family": "theological_term",
  "depth_profile": "standard",
  "short_definition": "Idumea is the later Greek name for Edom, the region south of Judah associated with Esau’s descendants.",
  "simple_one_line": "Idumea is the Greek-era name for Edom, the territory south of Judah.",
  "tooltip_text": "A biblical place name for the Edomite region south of Judah.",
  "aliases": [],
  "scripture_references": [],
  "original_language_terms": [],
  "related_entries": [
    "Edom",
    "Esau",
    "Judah",
    "Obadiah",
    "Herod the Great"
  ],
  "see_also": [
    "Edom",
    "Esau",
    "Moab",
    "Ammon",
    "Mark 3:8"
  ],
  "lede_intro": "Idumea is the later Greek and Roman-era name for Edom, the land traditionally linked with Esau’s descendants south of Judah.",
  "at_a_glance_definition": "Idumea refers to the Edomite region in the south, especially in later historical and New Testament contexts.",
  "at_a_glance_key_points": [
    "Later name for Edom",
    "A geographic and historical term, not a doctrine",
    "Associated with Edom’s descendants and the southern borderlands of Judah",
    "Appears in the New Testament period as a regional designation"
  ],
  "description_academic_short": "Idumea is the later Greek form of the name for Edom, the territory south of Judah associated with Esau’s descendants. In Scripture it functions primarily as a place-name and regional identifier rather than as a theological concept.",
  "description_academic_full": "Idumea is the Greek and later historical name for Edom, the land south of Judah traditionally associated with Esau and his descendants. In the biblical record, the term functions mainly as a geographic and historical designation. Its significance lies in the long and often hostile relationship between Edom and Israel, as well as in the continued use of the region’s name in the New Testament era. Because it is primarily a place-name, Idumea should be treated as a biblical geography entry rather than as a distinct theological term.",
  "background_biblical_context": "In the Old Testament, Edom is a neighboring nation often in conflict with Israel and Judah. Idumea is the later form of that name used in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, reflecting the same region in biblical geography.",
  "background_historical_context": "Idumea became the common Greek and later Roman designation for the Edomite territory. By the New Testament period, it identified part of the southern border region associated with Edom’s historical population.",
  "background_jewish_ancient_context": "In Second Temple and later Jewish usage, the term continued to function as a regional label tied to Edom. It is important historically, but it does not carry a separate doctrinal meaning.",
  "key_texts_primary": [
    "Mark 3:8"
  ],
  "key_texts_secondary": [
    "Numbers 20:14-21",
    "2 Kings 14:7",
    "Isaiah 34:5-17",
    "Obadiah 1:1-21"
  ],
  "original_language_note": "From Greek Ἰδουμαία (Idoumaia), the later form used for the land of Edom.",
  "theological_significance": "Idumea has indirect theological significance because it is part of the biblical storyline of Edom, Israel’s neighbors, and God’s dealings with the nations. The term itself is chiefly geographical.",
  "philosophical_explanation": "This is a place-name grounded in historical geography. Its value lies in locating biblical events and people, not in conveying a doctrine or abstract theological category.",
  "interpretive_cautions": "Do not treat Idumea as a separate theological concept. It is best understood as the later name for Edom, and its biblical significance comes from its historical and covenantal context.",
  "major_views_note": "Most treatments simply identify Idumea with Edom and note its use as a regional designation in later biblical and historical sources.",
  "doctrinal_boundaries": "Idumea does not itself establish doctrine. Any theological use should remain secondary to its plain geographical and historical meaning.",
  "practical_significance": "Idumea helps readers place biblical events on the map and understand the continuing biblical history of Edom and its relationship to Israel.",
  "meta_description": "Idumea is the later Greek name for Edom, the region south of Judah associated with Esau’s descendants.",
  "public_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/idumea/",
  "json_url": "/companion-bible-dictionary/data/dictionary/idumea.json",
  "final_disposition": "PUBLISH_CANONICAL"
}